The Lexi Cinema & Hub has been shortlisted for the London Borough of Brent’s first celebration of design excellence.
The Brent Design Awards are new for 2023 and have been created to celebrate the great buildings and places within the culturally diverse borough of Brent.
The Lexi Cinema & Hub is in the running for the Culture & Heritage category. The Lexi is also in the running for the People’s Choice Award.
The Lexi Cinema & Hub – Shortlisted for Brent Design Awards
A treasured asset within the local community, The Lexi Cinema tasked RISE Design Studio with revitalising a 99 square metre parcel of vacant land in the rear car park of the existing Edwardian gabled brick theatre. Used as a makeshift bar by locals, RISE Design Studio and The Lexi team consulted Brent Council who advised the initial concept, a formal beer garden, would not be possible due to noise constraints but an enclosed second screen might be feasible.
RISE Design Studio conceptualised an environmentally-driven second cinema and bar to accommodate the growing community programme and help drive revenue for The Lexi’s ecological charity efforts. Brent Council were instrumental in supporting the project – titled The Lexi Hub – through continuous advisory and dialogue, ensuring planning policy and community needs were balanced.
The People’s Choice Award allows residents and those working in Brent to choose their favourite building or place, from a shortlist of 27 entries across 5 different categories. The winner of the People’s Choice Award will be announced at the awards ceremony taking place at Brent Civic Centre on 11th May 2023.
If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003
Building a home on your own land is a dream many people share. The ability to customise every aspect of your living space and create a place that perfectly suits your needs and desires is undeniably appealing. However, before you can embark on this exciting journey, there is one crucial hurdle to overcome: obtaining planning permission. Without it, your dreams will remain just that – dreams.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the intricacies of obtaining planning permission in the UK from the perspective of an experienced architect with 20 years of experience in a small, contemporary design-led architecture studio. With a focus on low energy and low embodied carbon designs, we understand the importance of sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions in today’s world.
Whether you are considering building on backland sites, Green Belt land, agricultural land, or brownfield plots, we will delve into the specific challenges and considerations associated with each type of development. By providing valuable insights and practical advice, we aim to empower you with the knowledge needed to navigate the planning process successfully.
RISE Design Studio achieved planning permission for Red Arch House in Kensal Rise, NW London
Section 1: Understanding Planning Permission
Before delving into the intricacies of specific types of developments, it is crucial to understand the concept of planning permission itself. Planning permission is essentially the agreement granted by your local authority to allow you to develop land for a building project or a change of use. Local authorities closely monitor all developments to ensure they align with their standards and vision for the area.
The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) provides guidelines to all local authorities, which they adapt and customise based on their specific circumstances. In most cases, obtaining planning permission is a requirement when creating a new home, whether it involves building from scratch, extending an existing building, or subdividing it to create additional living spaces.
While some home improvements may not require planning permission, it is essential to understand the procedure to maximise the chances of success. Typically, full planning permission is necessary for new dwellings, including self-contained annexes or entire blocks of flats.
RISE achieved planning permission for Red Arch House in Kensal Rise, NW London
Section 2: Building on Backlands
Backland development refers to building on land that is not visible from public areas, such as roads, and is usually located in already developed areas. This type of development, also known as urban infilling, can include building on a garden plot or a piece of back garden land. Backland development can be carried out by individual homeowners looking to capitalise on their land or by groups of homeowners collaborating on a development.
While backland development has faced opposition and criticism, it can be a viable solution for increasing housing stock in urban areas. If you are considering developing your back garden land or building on your property grounds, several crucial questions need to be addressed:
Is road access available? Easy access to the public highway is ideal for any building plot. If direct access is not possible, having a quick path under your control can still be acceptable.
Will the new building impact neighbours negatively? It is essential to consider factors such as blocking light or affecting neighbour’s’ privacy. Maintaining good relations with your neighbours and accommodating their concerns can significantly impact the success of your planning application.
Does your development include off-road parking? Unless your property is located in a town centre or near a train station, local authorities will likely expect you to provide dedicated off-street parking spaces.
What is the ecological impact of your development? Trees and local ecology must be considered when seeking planning permission for backland development. Conducting an ecological survey to assess the potential impact is often necessary. In some cases, compensatory measures, such as planting new trees, can help offset any negative effects on the natural environment.
To ensure the success of your backland development, careful consideration of local planning policies, architectural design, and collaboration with professionals experienced in this type of development is crucial. By addressing the concerns of both the planning department and the local community, you can increase the likelihood of obtaining planning permission without significant obstacles.
UK Green Belt construction, despite concerns for nature conservation, is possible under certain exceptions. Knowledge of these is vital for aspiring homeowners or developers planning projects in these areas.
Section 3: Building on Green Belt Land
Building on Green Belt land remains a contentious topic in the UK. While preserving the countryside and protecting nature and wildlife are valid concerns, certain exceptions exist that allow for development on Green Belt land. Understanding these exceptions is crucial if you wish to build your dream home or develop a housing project in a Green Belt area.
Green Belts are designated zones surrounding major cities, towns, and urban settlements with the primary purpose of preventing urban sprawl. However, not all Green Belt areas are idyllic open spaces; some include already built-up areas. It is important to distinguish between Green Belt land and other protected areas, such as Areas of Special Scientific Interest (SSIs), Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), ancient woodlands, listed buildings, and flood risk zones.
Certain circumstances may lead to a successful planning application for Green Belt land:
Previously developed land: Some Green Belt land has already been developed. If you can demonstrate that your new buildings will have no more impact on the Green Belt than what was previously there, you have a good chance of obtaining planning permission. Agricultural buildings are not considered previously developed land, although there is a permitted development right to convert barns and stables into homes.
Infill developments: Building in gaps between existing properties in villages can be successful if it has minimal impact on the surrounding area. Such developments fill in spaces without significantly altering the character or landscape of the village.
Affordable housing provision: Meeting the need for affordable housing in rural areas can increase the chances of obtaining planning permission. If your plans align with the local housing plan and address the shortage of affordable housing, your application may be successful.
Exceptional properties: Under the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), “Paragraph 80 houses” may be granted planning permission if they enhance the appearance of the local area and compensate for any damage to the Green Belt through exceptional design and sustainability features. If you aspire to build a remarkable, environmentally sound home in a rural setting, this approach may be suitable.
Navigating the complexities of building on Green Belt land requires careful consideration of local policies, understanding the unique circumstances of the land in question, and developing designs that respect the surrounding environment. Consulting with architects experienced in Green Belt developments can help you craft plans that align with local requirements, increasing your chances of obtaining planning permission.
With UK farming in decline, unused agricultural land is becoming available for residential development.
Section 4: Building on Agricultural Land
While many people perceive agricultural land and Green Belt land as similar, the distinction is essential. Agricultural land serves the purpose of food production and other agricultural activities. However, with farming on the decline in the UK, some agricultural land is no longer operational, opening up opportunities for residential development.
Building on agricultural land is not a straightforward process, and it is crucial to understand the challenges involved. The cost of agricultural land without planning permission is significantly lower than that of comparable plots with planning permission. However, assuming that purchasing agricultural land, obtaining planning permission, and making a fortune is a straightforward path is a high-risk gamble.
To increase your chances of success when building on agricultural land, consider the following steps:
Research local housing policies: Understanding the local council’s policies on housing, especially those addressing the housing shortage, can provide insights into sites where development is likely to be approved. If your land is on the edge of a town or within a strategic development area, it may have a higher chance of obtaining planning permission.
Participate in the call for sites: Local councils periodically review their local plans and call for sites to be submitted. This process stimulates landowners and developers to propose potential development sites, including agricultural land. Preparing your land in advance by working with an architect specialising in agricultural property development can ensure you are ready to submit your site during the call for sites process.
Assessment and local plan review: The council will assess the submitted sites through several stages to determine the most suitable options that align with environmental, economic, and social considerations. The selected sites will be included in a draft document as part of the local plan review, and public input will be sought to determine the best options.
Building on agricultural land requires careful consideration of local planning policies, economic viability, and the long-term sustainability of the proposed development. Engaging with planning consultants who specialise in agricultural land development can provide valuable guidance and support throughout the process.
Developing brownfield land, which includes more than just abandoned factories or wastelands, is increasingly viewed as a solution to the housing crisis.
Section 5: Building on Brownfield Land
Building on brownfield land is gaining attention as a potential solution to the housing crisis. Brownfield land refers to previously developed land, encompassing a wide range of sites beyond abandoned factories or wastelands. However, it is important to note that brownfield land does not automatically mean unused or environmentally degraded areas. Many previously developed sites can still possess natural value and require consideration of ecological impact and heritage preservation.
Advantages of building on brownfield land include:
Planning policy considerations: Planning applications for brownfield sites can often be more straightforward due to the recognition that previously developed land is suitable for development. However, this does not eliminate the need to address other factors such as access, parking, neighbour’s’ concerns, and ecological impact.
Availability of land: The National Housing Federation’s comprehensive map provides a valuable resource for identifying brownfield sites across the UK. Investing in property development on brownfield land can offer opportunities to transform underutilized spaces into vibrant communities.
Building on brownfield land requires careful assessment of the site’s suitability for residential use, including access, infrastructure, ecological impact, and local planning policies. Collaborating with architects who understand the intricacies of brownfield development can help you navigate the planning process effectively.
A one bed house on a backland site in Brent
Conclusion
Building your dream home on your own land is an exciting prospect, but it comes with the challenge of obtaining planning permission. By understanding the specific requirements and considerations associated with different types of developments, you can significantly increase your chances of success.
Whether you are exploring backland development, Green Belt land, agricultural land, or brownfield sites, it is crucial to work with professionals experienced in the respective areas. Architects and planning consultants can provide invaluable guidance, ensuring your plans align with local regulations, address ecological concerns, and respect the surrounding environment.
At RISE Design Studio, we are a RIBA chartered architecture practice with extensive experience in residential extensions, conversions, and new builds. Our focus on low energy and low embodied carbon designs aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility.
If you are considering building on your own land, we are here to help you navigate the complexities of planning permission and turn your dreams into reality. Get in touch with us today to discuss your project.
If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003
Investing in a building project is not a decision to be taken lightly. It involves a substantial commitment of finances and personal aspirations. When embarking on such a venture, it becomes very important to ensure that every aspect is meticulously handled with expertise and precision. While it may be tempting to solely rely on the skills of a builder and opt for a straightforward approach, it is essential to recognise that the true potential of a project can only be unlocked with the involvement of an architect. In this blog post, I aim to shed light on the pitfalls of not involving an architect and emphasise the considerable value that an architect can provide.
Site Meeting during Construction at The Lexi Cinema, Kensal Rise, North West London
What is the Role of an Architect?
Architects are not mere draftsmen; they are professionals who dedicate years to honing their craft. Through a combination of rigorous training and practical experience, architects acquire a unique skill set that encompasses both creativity and technical acumen. At RISE Design Studio, we approach every project as an opportunity to solve problems and create tangible buildings that surpass client expectations.
What about Insurance and Accountability?
One of the fundamental reasons to hire an architect is the assurance it brings. In the United Kingdom, all architects must be registered with the Architects Registration Board (ARB) and carry adequate professional insurance. This not only ensures that architects adhere to stringent industry standards but also provides clients with recourse in the event of any unforeseen issues. At RISE Design Studio, we take our commitment to excellence a step further by being an RIBA Chartered practice, fully aligned with the Royal Institute of British Architects’ Code of Practice. This level of accountability further underscores the importance of involving an architect in your project.
The Creative Vision: Transforming Ideas into Reality:
Architects possess a unique ability to transform abstract ideas and aspirations into tangible structures. By employing a holistic approach that considers aesthetics, functionality, and sustainability, architects are capable of breathing life into your vision. At our design-led architecture studio, we have an unwavering focus on low energy and low embodied carbon designs. This means that not only will your project be aesthetically appealing, but it will also be environmentally conscious and energy-efficient.
How do I Mitigate Pitfalls and Maximise Potential?
The decision to forego an architect can lead to several pitfalls that may impact the success of your project. Without an architect’s guidance, it becomes challenging to navigate complex building regulations and obtain necessary permits. This can result in costly delays, fines, or even legal complications. Additionally, the lack of a comprehensive design strategy can lead to inefficient use of space, inadequate lighting, poor ventilation, and subpar energy performance. These issues not only diminish the comfort and functionality of the building but also have long-term implications on operational costs and environmental impact and resale value.
Collaboration and the Architect-Client Relationship:
Working with an architect fosters a collaborative relationship between the client and the design professional. Architects invest time in understanding your unique requirements, aspirations, and constraints. By forging a strong partnership, architects can translate your desires into practical design solutions. This close collaboration ensures that the final outcome aligns seamlessly with your vision while incorporating innovative design elements that you may not have considered otherwise. Furthermore, architects possess the skills to communicate complex design concepts effectively, allowing you to visualise and actively participate in the evolution of your project.
Sustainability and a Future-Forward Approach:
In an era where environmental consciousness and sustainability are of utmost importance, architects play a pivotal role in creating buildings with low embodied carbon and energy-efficient designs. At RISE Design Studio, we are committed to reducing the environmental impact of our projects through careful material selection, passive design strategies, and the integration of renewable energy systems. By working closely with an architect who prioritises sustainability, you can contribute to a greener future and enjoy the long-term benefits of reduced energy consumption and operational costs and increased value of your home, office, school, restaurant or cinema.
Light House, North Clapham – Sustainability Strategy
Conclusion:
Investing in an architect is an investment in the success, efficiency, and longevity of your building project. Architects bring a wealth of knowledge, creativity, and technical expertise to the table, ensuring that your vision is transformed into a reality that surpasses your expectations. By prioritising low energy and low embodied carbon designs, architects can create buildings that not only fulfil your desires but also contribute positively to the environment. So, whether you’re embarking on a residential, commercial, or public project, remember the invaluable role an architect plays in bringing your dreams to life while ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
“CO emissions from buildings and construction hits new high” announced the headline from 2022’s Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction. Released at COP27, it paints a gloomy picture of the sectors huge rate of energy consumption and emissions.
Accounting for over 34% of energy demand and approx. 37% of energy and process related CO2 emissions in 2021, the sector is further widening the gap between it and the decarbonisation targets of 2050.
However, amongst this negativity there continues to be pioneering work in eco-friendly architecture and smart low energy homes. Once seen as a quirk of the rich or eccentric, these sustainable, affordable, and forward-thinking properties are springing up throughout the country.
As energy bills continue to rise, and the need to reduce carbon emissions becomes even more critical we look at the growth in popularity of these green friendly and environmentally conscious buildings.
The UK legacy of poor building design
As outlined in a recent Guardian article by Phineas Harper, we have in the UK some of the smallest, oldest, and poorest insulated houses in Europe with more than half built before 1965.
This ageing and inefficient housing stock is the result of mass building predominantly in the industrial revolution which saw small, largely terraced two-up-two down, street facing homes, constructed in narrow streets with poor shading and orientation.
With cooler summers and cheap coal used in open fires, environmental performance and extreme weather were certainly not a consideration!
Deregulation has also led to micro homes springing up, created without planning permission from office blocks and commercial buildings with cramp living spaces prone to overheating with no cross ventilation.
Either too hot in the summer or freezing in the winter, these poorly insulated houses now present a major challenge in the fight against climate change, accounting for 66 million tonnes of emissions in 2019 due to burning coal, gas and oil for space heating and hot water.
As the Building Research Establishment (BRE) states: “The UK has the oldest housing stock in Europe, and most likely in the world. This is largely due to the legacy of dwellings built during the industrial revolution, which still form the backbone of our urban areas today.”
“While still widely valued, these homes present challenges in making them healthy, safe and suitable for the future.”
Whilst new build homes can go some way to offering a solution, the homes which make up most of the country’s stock require retrofit to make them not only habitable, comfortable, and visually appealing for the future, but also to achieve energy efficiency and climate targets.
A zero carbon or low carbon home
When it comes to sustainable architecture and eco homes, there are two main routes to consider, these are zero carbon and low carbon.
Both focus on energy conservation and efficiency through elevated levels of insulation, high performance triple glazed windows, airtight building materials, thermal bridge free construction and mechanical ventilation systems.
The main difference is that in the design of a zero-carbon home the aim is to produce no carbon dioxide through its energy use whereas a low carbon home reduces its emissions to a much more acceptable degree compared to the average property.
Herbert Paradise, Kensal Rise, North West London – Low Energy Home
What are the design elements of eco homes?
The unveiling of the UK’s first net zero home took place recently in Camden Town.
The UK Green Building Councils Framework awarded the Max Fordham House this accolade in recognition of its emissions as well as its use of natural materials including low carbon cement, timber for the roof, window frames and façade, and wood fibre and cork flooring for internal insulation.
The all-electric home also features a roof-mounted PV to meet 25% of its energy needs with the remaining supplied by a 100% renewable energy tariff.
Much of what it achieved was through the Passivhaus standard of design and construction (or EnerPHit for retrofit). Here the focus is on superb thermal performance, stringent levels of airtightness, minimal thermal bridging, optimisation of passive solar gain, and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, resulting in homes with a comfortable temperature and minimal energy use, 75% less than a standard home. Heat is generated via sunlight, inhabitants, A+++appliances and LED lighting.
Whilst you may not wish to fully adopt the exacting standards of Passivhaus (or EnerPHit), particularly dependent on your regional climate, home orientation/shape, and whether it’s an existing or listed property, at RISE we will work with you to incorporate a variety of design principles into your new build, refurbishment, or retrofit to create a sustainable home.
Creating an efficient thermal envelope
Insulation is fundamental to any eco home as it has a major impact on heat gain as well as heat loss, and therefore on energy consumption.
Passivhaus design ensures that through insulation levels any heat lost during winter is negligible and that indoor air and surface temperatures are almost similar, ensuring a comfortable climate.
Exterior walls, basements and attics across all homes can benefit from this approach and use less energy, with high performing, non-toxic and renewable insulation such as sheep’s wool, wood fibre, and hemp used to trap heat and create a thermal envelope.
Energy efficient glazing
It is unsurprising that one of the biggest culprits of heat loss from the home is glass with a typical home losing 10%. Whilst Passivhaus requires optimised glazing on the south façade of a property with reduced glazing on the north, if you are looking at a retrofit you can make improvements.
The energy efficiency of a window is measured with its U-value, the lower the number the better. Whilst double glazed windows are normally 1.6, triple glazed can sit at an impressive 0.8 with an energy rating of A++, the highest possible rating and recognised by the Passivhaus Institute as the acceptable standard.
With three sheets of glass, and two gaps, triple glazing your windows where possible, can improve insulation, reduce energy bills, and carbon emissions.
Although costly at the outset they will bring with them multiple benefits for your home especially when fitted to the south-facing side.
Additionally, look at passive design techniques to help create external shade and reduce heat transfer from these windows in summer, such as awnings and overhangs as well as trees and landscaping. This will not affect the heat gain from the low sun in winter.
Renewable Energy Features
Solar energy, heat pumps and biomass boilers are all examples of renewable energy that you can incorporate into the home.
Each allows you to generate your own energy without reliance on traditional sources such as polluting fossil fuels. This then helps to create a carbon positive home in which a building produces more energy than it needs, sending surplus back to the grid.
Greener Construction
This may apply more to a new build project but is also a consideration where applicable for elements of an energy efficient retrofit. Greener construction includes a number of variables and is not just based upon using recyclable materials.
It is part of what makes a carbon positive home, one which uses sustainable building materials to reduce emissions related to production, transportation, and installation.
Consider where the product was made, how it was made, and how far it had to travel to reach site. If we look at the BedZED village, the UK’s first mixed use sustainable community completed in 2002 they were able to use 52% of their materials from within 35miles.
In addition, look at whether you can use reclaimed materials. The same project used, 3,400 tonnes of reclaimed and recycled material representing 15% of the total. For a domestic project this could comprise any manner of things from doors, tiles, and bricks to bathtubs and light fixtures.
Finally, see where you can make changes by selecting eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives, such as those we touched upon relating to insulation as well as bamboo, cork, straw and hempcrete.
Airtightness
For a truly eco-friendly and low carbon home airtightness is a major consideration. This represents the fabric first approach to buildings that are less reliant on space heating.
It focuses on the leakage of air from a house, escaping through gaps and cracks in the fabric of the property. In terms of Building Regulations this means that no more than 10 cubic metres of air can escape per hour for every square metre of the envelope surface area.
To put this into perspective a house achieving 5 cubic metres will see their energy use reduce by up to 40%.
Whilst we talked about windows and insulation earlier, it is also important to look at door frames, open fires and chimneys, pipes, and cables.
The use of specific materials for membranes and barriers such as long-lasting flexible mastic is also key. If constructing a new home, then eco-friendly structurally insulated panels (SIPs) made from timber are a positive choice, manufactured off-site they can help to reduce carbon emissions.
Natural and Mechanical Ventilation
To maintain a healthy and comfortable internal environment in an airtight home, ventilation is a crucial factor.
Airtight properties will often rely on mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) systems as well as skylights and natural cross ventilation with windows on each side of the home creating a cross breeze, although the latter is harder in winter and will exacerbate heat loss.
MVHR take moisture from rooms such as bathrooms and kitchens, passing it through heat exchangers which in turn combines it with fresh air coming into the home, releasing this pre-warmed air back into the property.
As it requires ducts to run through the building it must comply with building legislation in terms of installation, design, and inspection, and we can advise you on this.
How an architect will help you achieve your eco home
As you can see whether retrofit, refurbishment or new build there is much to consider when it comes to creating a liveable and comfortable eco home. Here at RISE, we have the experience and skill to help you to achieve your vision.
Our passion in this area has seen continual professional development undertaken across the team with a focus on the EnerPHit standard developed by the Passivhaus Institute. Still a very demanding standard it does relax part of the criteria, recognising the challenges of retrofit projects.
Client led, we look at not only the design and construction of the building, but its eventual end use to ensure that the sustainable house you create is also a home.
If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003
Unless you have been hiding, you could not fail to realise that UK energy bills are at an unprecedented level. If we believe the press and general whisperings, then predictions are they will triple by 2023 reaching £5,000 for an average household.
These are indeed worrying times and it is no surprise that consumers are turning to low-energy solutions for daily tasks such as cooking, and drying clothes. Of course, the biggest outlay as we approach the UK winter is heating.
The economic crisis as well as greater emphasis on renewable energy to reach net zero emissions by 2050, has shone a light on alternatives to traditional energy with demand growing for solar panels, green roofs, and heat pumps.
With 190million heat pump units in operation worldwide in 2021, global sales increasing by 13% and The International Energy Agency’s latest report stating that no new gas boilers should be sold after 2025 we examine their growth, the advantages they bring to a residential project and what kind of investment they entail.
Air Source Heat Pump at Red Brick House in Willesden, North West London
What are heat pumps?
In its most basic sense, a heat pump is a highly efficient energy device which takes heat or thermal energy from outside and moves it into your home using electricity. During warmer temperatures you can use some systems as a cooling device like air-conditioning.
The amount of power it uses is far less than the quantity of heat it provides, this is known as the Coefficient of Performance (CoP). If a heat pump has a CoP of 3.0 then it will give out three units of heat for every unit of electricity consumed.
Using existing heat means that it does not burn any fuel and therefore emit any carbon dioxide. It is for this reason that it is an incredibly efficient method of heating and has the potential to reduce energy bills.
What are the different types of heat pump?
There are two main types of heat pump available air source heat pumps (ASHP) and ground source heat pumps (GSHP).
Both work on the same principle to transfer heat but differ in the source of that heat. Which you choose depends on budget, installation, efficiencies, and your home.
Air source heat pump
These are the most common system in the UK for domestic homes representing 87% of all heat pumps installed. You fit an air source heat pump (ASHP) to the outside of your home, either to the front, side or the rear (planning permission may be required).
With this system the heat from the external air is used to heat your home/hot water by pumping it through a system of refrigerant filled coils fitted to the outside of the unit (the evaporater), like those you find behind your fridge.
The liquid in the coils absorbs the heat and as it warms up begins to evaporate, this gas then goes through a compressor to increase the temperature. The coil then moves inside the building releasing the heat to inner coils which heat the house and/or water that supplies radiators, showers, taps etc. The refrigerant flows back outside to absorb more heat and the process begins again.
An air source heat pump can extract heat from temperatures as low as -15degrees Celsius to provide heating all year round.
There are two distinct types of air source heat pump (ASHP), air-to-air and air-to-water.
Air-to-air heat pumps: these take external heat and transfer to your home through fans or blowers. A warm air circulation system then moves it around your home.
They cannot heat hot water so you would need to look at an alternative such as an immersion heater. In the summer they work on reverse like an air conditioning unit.
They tend to be an excellent choice for smaller properties and are quick to install as they don’t require radiators or underfloor heating.
Air-to-water heat pumps: these take heat from the air outside and feed it into your water-based central heating system and your hot water cylinder to store hot water for when you need it.
As it has a lower heat supply than gas or oil boilers, 35degrees to 45 as opposed to 75degrees, an air-to-water heat pump is used most efficiently with large or double panel radiators or underfloor heating which have a greater surface area.
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
These take heat energy from pipes beneath the ground outside your home to power your heating and hot water.
Thermal transfer fluid (TTF) or brine, a combination of cool water and antifreeze flows around the loop of pipe buried in the garden or outdoor area. The pipe absorbs the heat from the ground into this fluid which then passes through a heat exchanger into the heat pump. This action raises the temperature of the fluid and transfers the heat to water.
The ground stays at a constant temperature below the surface allowing the ground source heat pump to work efficiently all year.
You will need quite a large amount of garden or ground to use a GSHP.
What are the benefits of heat pumps?
It is hard to ignore the popularity of heat pumps particularly in their ability to reduce energy bills as well as lowering carbon footprint.
There are a variety of additional benefits that will no doubt see demand continue to grow, as they become an increasingly attractive alternative to gas boilers.
Lower running costs –recent reports from the National Endowment for Science and the Arts (Nesta), state that a heat pump can reduce household gas consumption by up to 70% when compared to a gas boiler.
Reduces carbon emissions – as heat pumps use little electricity, they produce no emissions making them environmentally-friendly. They are also extremely sustainable as they are using natural heat sources whether from the ground or air.
Easy installation – it can take as little as two days to install an ASHP this might increase slightly with a GSHP due to the requirement to excavate slightly.
Longevity – a modern heat pump usually has a life span double that of a domestic boiler, on average 20-25 years, future proofing your home both economically and environmentally.
Less maintenance – they have very few moving parts, with yearly checks advised but they can be carried out by the owner such as clearing leaves, dust, and cleaning filters. A certified professional installer would need to visit every 3-5 years to look at any technical aspects.
Safety – as they rely on renewables and electricity as opposed to fuel, and with few moving parts, they are a safer choice than traditional systems.
Eligible for Government incentives –there are financial incentives for installing heat pumps which we will outline.
How much does a heat pump cost?
It can be expensive to install a heat pump, but this will depend on the type you choose, your installer, the size of your home, its insulation and running costs. A typical price for a full installation is between £7000 and £45,000.
Air to water heat pumps start at approx. £7000 reaching £18000, whereas ground source heat pumps can cost up to £45,000.
Although upfront costs are high, switching from your previous system should save you running costs in the long-term dependent on your tariff, which system you use, your home and its central heating system.
The Boiler Upgrade Scheme launched in England and Wales helps homeowners afford the upfront costs of installing low carbon heating systems such as heat pumps with grants of £5000 available. Open until the end of March 2025, the work must be carried out by an accredited MCS installer.
There are eligibility criteria including that you must own your home, and it needs an up-to-date Energy Performance Certificate (EPC).
Do I need planning permission for a heat pump?
Due to Permitted Development Rights, in most cases it is unlikely that you will need planning permission if installing a heat pump.
However, it is of course dependent on the property and the local planning department. This is especially important if the property is listed or within a conservation area.
You will have to inform your local district network operator (DNO) that you are installing a heat pump as they are responsible for bringing electricity from the network to your home. Your installer will advise on this.
Here at RISE Design Studio, we can help with any discussions you may need to have.
How an architect can help with a heat pump
Whilst most homes and residential projects will not require planning permission to install a heat pump, it is worth appointing an architect if you are keen to pursue it.
Whether you require planning or not, there are certain things to bear in mind should it be a retrofit, refurbishment, or new build project which may have other installations taking place:
What will the aesthetic impact be with regards to an ASHP that fits to the side of your property?
You will need to ensure no trees etc block its position
Positioning of the ASHP will need to be in a sheltered spot
A GSHP will require groundworks, these could be disruptive, so you want to ensure you carry these out correctly
If you wish to install an underfloor heating system
As we continue to navigate this unchartered territory of rising energy costs, and we look to do more to achieve sustainability, the growth of alternative energy technologies such as heat pumps is no longer niche but rather an inevitable part of our future.
To get ahead and investigate whether heat pumps are right for your project, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003
Living roofs or green roofs, were until recent years a rarity in the UK building landscape, seen as a luxurious design addition implemented by the few with adoption much greater in countries such as Switzerland and Germany.
Today, alongside other forms of sustainable architecture and design, or green technology, they are growing in popularity.
Seen as not only aesthetically pleasing in densely populated urban areas, but increasingly as a method to reduce energy use and carbon emissions, they are key along with green walls, roof terraces, and solar to improving our resilience to climate change and safeguarding our environmental future.
Green roof provision has grown considerably across the capital as shown in the 2019 London Green Roof Report this has been in part to key policy drivers like the 2008 amends to the London Plan, stating in planning policy 5.1 ‘the Mayor will, and boroughs, should expect major developments to incorporate living roofs and walls, where feasible’ .
With this in mind, we examine green roofs, the distinct types, the benefits they bring, architectural and design considerations, and the future outlook.
The Lexi Cinema extensive green roof
What are green roofs?
Installed on flat or low-pitched roofs with an angle of no more than 30degrees, green roofs also referred to as living or eco roofs are found on small residential buildings through to large commercial and industrial buildings.
They consist of engineered soil (substrate) especially designed to hold the correct amounts of moisture, nutrients, and air for successful plant growth. They are either intensively or extensively planted with vegetation, then laid over a waterproof membrane or moisture retention fleece to prevent leakage and remain watertight in all conditions.
As well as these elements, a typical green roof layer/system will consist of a root barrier, thermal insulation, and drainage/irrigation systems.
They offer minimum or maximum levels of pedestrian access and use dependent on space and roof structure, and with grasses, herbs, mosses, and wildflowers can improve biodiversity by providing a habitat for birds, and insects.
In addition, they have an array of environmental benefits which we will discuss further on.
What are the different types of green roof?
There are three main types of green roof, intensive, extensive, and semi-intensive. Each differ and are unique in terms of use, maintenance, design implications, weight, and cost.
Intensive green roof
You will typically see an intensive green roof or roof garden designed for accessible recreational use on large commercial buildings such as those at Jubilee Park in Canary Wharf, 55 Broadway, or at New Providence Wharf in Docklands which covers an area of 8.3 hectares. Prince of Wales Drive is a good example of an intensive green roof in a residential setting.
Due to the scale of an intensive green roof and with its tendency to feature extensive lawns, trees, paved areas and even water features they can weigh a significant amount and usually need to be designed with a heavy-supporting structure typically with reinforced concrete to take a load of up to 200kg/m2.
The soil on an intensive green roof is planted quite deeply at over 200mm and once planted are labour intensive requiring regular maintenance, fertilisation, weeding, and pruning.
Due to their need for regular watering, they will have dedicated rooftop irrigation such as a dripline system laid below the soil surface at root level.
Considering all these factors, they are the costliest green roof.
Extensive green roof
Compared to intensive green roofs, extensive systems are lighter in weight (40-110kg/m2) and are shallower ranging from 2cm to 12cm in depth, because of this they require less maintenance normally just once a year weeding, are less costly, and can be self-sustaining.
Their shallow depth means that extensive green roofs in London and the UK tend to comprise of hardier sedum or stonecrops. Sedums are low growing succulents (which store water) which look to be sitting on the soil, with the word coming from the Latin ‘sedeo’ which means to sit.
It is because of their shallowness that they do not add great weight to a roof, they also tend to be drought and frost proof which means they require little watering.
Easier to implement, a popular choice is to use a pre-grown sedum mat-based system incorporating a variety of plants and flowers. Delivered as a roll, they are typically, 20mm thick, and laid out onto crushed brick or light clay aggregate, with a waterproof layer often on top.
They are a good option in comparison to loose planting which is more labour intensive as it involves preparing the ground, laying the soil, sowing seeds, and then maintenance. However, there are UK nurseries that now supply plants and advice for green roofs
Due to their minimal maintenance, and relatively low cost, extensive green roofs are the preferred choice for residential properties. Although you can find them in commercial settings such as at Canary Wharf which has 5000 to 6000 square metres incorporating five extensive green roofs. This makes it one of the largest green roof spaces in the UK.
Here at Rise Design Studio we used a sedum roof on our Lexi cinema project in London’s Kensal Rise, with our work being shortlisted for a prestigious 2022 FX International Interior Design Award.
Semi-intensive green roofs
These are of course a cross between intensive and extensive green roofs, with slightly greater depth than the latter.
They include a wider variety of plants compared to an extensive green roof, often akin to a wildflower meadow, therefore they require moderate maintenance, fertilisation, and watering.
What are the benefits of green roofs?
Whilst appealing in terms of breaking up the monotony of the urban landscape, along with the resultant inner-city opportunities for recreational and social green space and general improvement in wellbeing and productivity, the principal benefits of green roofs are extensively environmental.
They help to improve and preserve urban biodiversity by creating habitats for animals, birds, butterflies, and insects. Some of which may be endangered and at risk of extinction such as Black Redstarts whose preservation was a part of the driving force behind many early London green roofs
They help to cool building temperature and improve insulation by absorbing heat therefore reducing the ‘urban heat island’ phenomenon, decreasing surface air temperature by up to 16.4 degrees
They improve air quality by producing oxygen
They can contribute to reduced air pollution by removing harmful toxins from the air including nitrates and carbon dioxide
Help to reduce flooding and improve stormwater management, as they can absorb anywhere between 50% and 100% of rainwater, and then release it through condensation and transpiration
Reduce the need for air conditioning and heating requirements leading to less emissions and more efficient energy consumption as they cool the building in summer and warm it in winter
Improve noise and sound reduction
They can produce opportunities for urban agriculture
Such is their environmental impact, that the UK Green Building Council has called for all new buildings and infrastructure to have ‘nature-based solutions’ such as green roofs, by 2030 to combat the ever-growing threat of global warming.
In addition to this, other benefits are that a green roof can add value to your property due to its appearance and the fact it contributes to reduced energy costs, as well as roof longevity by protecting it from natural exposures.
Green roofs in London
In comparison to major cities worldwide London has been ‘late to the party’ when it comes to green roofs. Much of this down to policy implementation, or lack of.
However progression was made with the 2008 amends to the London Plan, the spatial development strategy for Greater London, which saw a much more proactive approach to green roof adoption and greater policy towards urban greening as a whole.
This was echoed by the 2019 creation of the Urban Greening Factor by the Greater London Authority (GLA) which measures the quantity and quality of greening on any new development proposal at the planning stage.
The effectiveness of both of these measures is demonstrated by the recent City of London monitoring reports, on the subject, which show that between 2011/12 and 2019/2020, green roofs went from 23 to 64, covering an area, from 8,200m2 to 25,900m2. This London City Hall map shows the location of these green roofs.
City of London projects that in 2026, green roof spaces which are predominantly extensive will comprise of 82.
There are currently a number of major innovative new green developments planned for the city such as Google’s new Kings Cross headquarters which promises to have a ‘grass-laden plateau’ and ‘green walkways’ as well as an extension to Blackfriars Crown Court which will be topped by a 100-tree forest and a retail development in Greenwich which is to have one of the largest green roofs in the borough.
Nationwide the Government are set to launch further incentives related to planning through The Environment Bill which contains a provision that all planning applications increase the biodiversity of the site in question by 10 per cent. The aim is to leave nature in a better state than before.
How much does a green roof cost?
Costs will vary dependent on the green roof system and the property in question, and whether professional contractors or landscape designers are employed
A professionally designed and installed extensive residential green roof can cost from £50 to £100 per square metre.
This cost is just an average and it will depend on things such as whether the roof needs extra support, how accessible the roof is, and which plants you are using.
Do I need planning permission for a green roof?
Due to Permitted Development Rights, in most cases it is unlikely that you will need planning permission if installing a green roof on an existing residential building, such as a garage or garden shed.
However, it is of course dependent on the property and the local planning department. This is especially important if the property is listed or within a conservation area.
Building regulation approval will be needed if it is a new build or an extension/alteration to a current one, this is due to load capacity and fire regulations.
As part of a new build planning application for large-scale developments, they can be beneficial in terms of gaining credits with BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) which assesses a building’s environmental performance.
How an architect can help with a green roof
Green roofs are becoming a significant part of architectural design and innovation, after all design is about more than creating buildings of beauty but rather achieving multi-functional buildings that add to and enhance people’s wellbeing and their surroundings, for present and future generations.
When considering a green roof for your home or property, employing an architect such as our team at Rise Design Studio, will help ensure that you get the desired effect and result with all implications considered in reference to the Green Roof Code of Best Practice:
They can help you understand the slope of the roof, maximum load capacity (when saturated, snow covered or through pedestrian access), and structure
Which green roof system will work best for your vision, location, and use, based on the above
They will look at orientation, wind exposure, sunlight, and shading
Examine the impact on areas such as skylights, vents, and chimneys
Determine what planning permissions are required if any
How roof access and egress will work based on safety and the system you employ
Offer guidance on the most appropriate water management and drainage
Specify fire safety requirements as related to building regulations
Help advise on external contractors/manufacturers, and manage that process and overall project management
Look at the proposed maintenance schedule
There is no doubt that green roofs look great and it is not surprising to see their popularity grow, but more than their aesthetic appeal, they sit alongside solar, and wind turbines, as sustainable energy solutions that counteract greenhouse gas emissions and encourage biodiversity.
We each understand that climate change is happening now, employing a green roof whether it be on a home or commercial building is a step to addressing this challenge. It is positive to see that the Government is keen to increase the uptake and prevalence of them especially in larger cities.
For further information on the forward-thinking green roof design techniques RISE Design Studio can bring to your project please contact mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003
In March this year, the UK Government removed the requirement for VAT on payments related to the installation of certain energy saving materials in residential property in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). This will be in place until the end of March 2027. Scrapping VAT on green home improvements for the next five years is a welcome move from the government and should mean that more people will be able to afford to improve the energy efficiency of their home.
Reducing carbon emissions
The UK Government has committed to achieving ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050. In practice, this means reducing carbon emissions by 78% by 2035 (using the 1990 levels as the baseline). Although this is a legally binding commitment (which should be applauded for its ambition), it is meaningless if no actual action is taken.
Reducing the use of fossil fuels in our homes is an important step on the road to net zero. Over 90% of residential property in the UK is still heated using gas and/or oil, the emissions from which accounts for nearly 20% of all UK carbon emissions. The current cost of living crisis also highlights the unsustainable nature of these types of fuel, particularly when prices are pushed up by global crises such as war, which impact on non-renewably energy supply chains.
Strong support but high costs
There is a huge amount of support amongst the British public for the use of renewable energy in our homes. The growing popularity of ‘green energy’ suppliers is testament to this. Increased awareness of the impacts of climate change, alongside rapidly rising energy prices, strongly motivate us to try to reduce our energy consumption and increase efficiency. However, the uptake of renewable energy installations to provide electricity and heat has been slow. For example, only 36,000 heat pumps were installed in 2020.
This is because the initial cost of installing energy efficient technology and moving away from the use of fossil fuels can be very high. These costs are even higher when VAT is part of the cost. It is therefore good news that the removal of VAT will bring the initial costs down somewhat and, hopefully, make greener electricity and heating accessible to more households.
Still more to be done?
At the time of the change in rules, it was estimated by the government that the removal of VAT on green home improvements would save homeowners installing rooftop solar panels around £1,000 a year (on average). Installing solar panels (or heat pumps or improving insulation) would also save an average of £300 a year on energy bills (although this figure may now be even higher in the context of the increasing prices).
While welcome, there is arguably still more work to be done to enable households that cannot afford new installations to make green improvements to their homes. Removing VAT is unlikely to be the ‘one size fits all’ solution it perhaps set out to be. Now is the time to develop and commit to a national retrofit strategy that would invest in improving all existing housing stock to ensure we all live in healthy and climate smart homes.
It may come as a surprise to learn that sand is the most exploited resource after water. Globally, we extract around 50 billion tonnes of sand and gravel every year and the United Nations is calling for increased monitoring of extraction and supply chains. We use sand in a very wide range of products, from toothpaste to paint, cosmetics to ceramics. Even in the glass in the screen you reading this on. In particular, huge quantities of sand are used in the construction industry, most commonly in the production of concrete.
Powering our infrastructure
Sand extraction is predominantly driven by demand for building and infrastructure projects. The industry generally requires river sand, which retains its sharper edges – beach and desert sand is of no use as it has been worn by the sea or wind, which makes it too smooth to function as an aggregate.
Building a single home can require around 200 tonnes of sand to manufacture the required concrete. With increasing global demand for housing, it is therefore unsurprising that several countries have significantly reduced the available supply of river sand. This has sparked a concerning new geopolitical situation, whereby there is substantial illegal trade of river sand. This is underpinned by dredging or mining for sand from poorer countries and then illegally selling this to countries with a shortage of supply.
What can be done?
A recent United Nations report calls for an international standard on extraction. With the global population predicted to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, and 70% of people expected to live in urban areas, the demand for sand is not likely to slow down. Countries need to wake up to the negative impacts sand extraction has on biodiversity, which means a fundamental shift in how we think about and value sand.
Making changes will be particularly challenging in the context of construction-led post-Covid recovery, which is a driving rhetoric in many countries. There are calls to implement wide-reaching standards that are enforced by agencies. These will require supply chain monitoring and scrutiny of links between governments, industry and other interests. Countries can also try to avoid surplus construction projects, plan more compact urban growth, employ green infrastructure, and design policy to make it easier for buildings to be retrofitted.
What role do architects have to play?
Making these wide-reaching changes will not be easy but architects have a role to play in helping to raise awareness and shift the mindset. First and foremost, they can demand that building materials can either be replaced or reused. In practice, this might mean greater use of materials such as wood, or exploring options like recycled steel or other elements that make up the circular economy. A focus on retrofitting existing buildings, rather than demolishing and rebuilding, would also have a significant impact on the amount of sand required in the overall material input.
At a time when energy prices are rising, it is helpful to know about options in the home for reducing energy consumption. From an architectural and design point of view, this equates to much more than having a shorter shower or reducing the time the heating is turned on. Today, there are several ways to deliver a high standard in energy-efficient construction, using well-developed design principles and sustainability assessment methods. We work with two approaches in particular – Passive House and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method).
Passive House – Energy savings of up to 90%
In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the benefits of a Passive House (or Passivhaus). This is a construction concept that dramatically reduces the need for space heating/cooling and primary energy consumption, while at the same time creating good, healthy indoor air quality. In Europe, a Passive House generally uses as little as 10% of the energy used by a typical building, or 25% when compared with the average new build designed for low energy consumption.
A Passive House relies on energy sources from inside the building, such as body heat, light bulbs, heat from the sun, or heat from indoor appliances to create a comfortable and healthy living environment. A mechanical heat recovery ventilation system is used to enable fresh air to enter the building without letting heat out, and allows heat contained in exhaust air to be reused.
For a building to achieve the Passive House standard, there is strong focus on energy conservation, particularly via insulation, air tightness and optimal glazing. It is quite a simple approach and checking the design and build against the standard is straightforward.
BREEAM – thinking about carbon emissions
Although more complex to apply in practice, the BREEAM standard is concerned with more than energy conservation. The standard takes into account carbon emissions as well as energy consumption, and is more holistic than the Passive House approach. BREEAM considers the environment/infrastructure surrounding the house – good management, water consumption, biodiversity, transport, pollution, waste management, etc.
This broad-reaching approach allows careful master planning of projects, infrastructure and buildings, which is increasingly important in areas where pressure for housing development is high. BREEAM ratings focus particularly on the reduction of carbon emissions, low impact design, biodiversity protection and climate change adaptation, allowing the client or other stakeholders to compare building performance. To date, an ‘Outstanding’ BREEAM rating has been awarded to less than 1% of new non-domestic buildings in the UK and serves to inspire developers and others to improve, innovate and make effective use of resources.
Sustainability assessment at RISE Design Studio
We regularly work with both the Passive House and BREEAM standards, on both new build and retrofit projects. Our recent work that follows Passive House principles of sustainable design has incorporated the use of air source heat pumps, solar panels, airtightness, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, and additional insulation.
The focus on sustainable value and efficiency makes Passive House and BREEAM certified projects a worthwhile investment, not least for creating a healthy home or work environment with reduced operational costs, and contributing to sustainability both within and outside the home.
In 2022, Francis Kéré was awarded architecture’s highest international accolade, the Pritzker Prize. Kéré’s many projects show us the power of materiality rooted in place, which is something that we emphasise through the use of local materials in our architecture and design work.
Against the odds
Kéré was born in a remote village in Burkina Faso, with no electricity, running water or a local school. He left his family at age seven to study at a city school, where he later trained as a carpenter. After receiving a scholarship for an apprenticeship in Germany, he went on to study architecture in Berlin. Despite being far from home, one of his first projects was to design a school for the village he grew up in, in collaboration with members of the community and using local materials. For this, he was awarded the Aga Khan Award in 2004 and the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture in 2009.
Innovative use of local materials
The Burkina Faso school project included the use of clay-earth bricks and suspended, corrugated metal roofs, to encourage stack ventilation for students learning in a hot, arid climate. By placing the overhanging metal roofs like this – rather than in the common way that makes houses hot inside – cool air is drawn in through the building’s windows and hot air is then released through holes in the ceiling. The innovative use of local materials and adaptation of traditional building techniques, combined with insight and involvement from the community, have been central to Kéré’s renowned approach.
Impact and investment
As awareness of his work grew, Kéré received widespread recognition for his experimentation with different materials to create cool and comfortable buildings in the hot African climate. He has also managed to raise funds for several projects focused on improving schools and other educational buildings for Africa’s young people, often involving buildings’ users in its construction, as he did in his home village.
Continuing to experiment with natural alternatives to air conditioning, one of his most recent projects – a technology campus in Kenya – uses wind towers shaped like termite mounds. In another project – a secondary school in Burkina Faso – he used local, laterite stone as the main building material. By orienting the building east to west, the amount of direct solar radiation on the walls was reduced, and a sharply protruding metal roof (like that used in the school in his home village) creates a large amount of shade.
Other projects in Africa have used a modular approach, with local people employed in the construction of modules, using local materials such as clay, laterite, cement bricks, gum wood and loam. Once again, large walls and impressive overhanging roofs remove the need for air conditioning in most buildings – a vital outcome in the changing climate and in communities without electricity for air conditioning, or the means with which to pay for powering cooling systems.
Inspiration
As the first black architect to win the Pritzker Prize in its 43-year history, Kéré acknowledges that he hopes to inspire young people in Africa to realise that paths like the one he has taken are open to them too. He continues to draw inspiration from local environments and there is a sense that his most impressive works may be yet to come.
