The Architect’s Guide to Modern Plaster Walls: Uncovering Six Distinct Techniques

Posted on August 3, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

Over the years we have grown increasingly attentive to the intricate details of the spaces we live in. Our focus has been on designs that optimise low energy and low embodied carbon. One of the critical facets of this work is the understanding and use of the materials we put into these spaces. One such material is plaster. A seemingly mundane wall finish, but in reality, it is an art form that can utterly transform the ambience of a space. This guide is designed to provide you with an insightful journey into the world of modern plaster walls, exploring six distinct methods that have been extensively employed in our recent projects.

Chapter 1: The Revival of Plaster

Plaster has been making a remarkable resurgence, redefining the boundaries of interior architecture and design. The reason for this revival is simple: plaster provides depth and luminosity to walls that subtly change with the light, offering an understated transformation to the look and feel of a house. The uniqueness of plaster is that it requires no paint; left in its raw state, it is a sustainable and natural material – breathable and free of chemicals and VOCs.

^{Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Dining and Kitchen in Kensal Rise, North West London (Birch Plywood storage doors on the right hand side)}

Chapter 2: The Cost and Value of Plaster

Plaster, a timeless and versatile material, has been utilised for centuries in construction and interior design. While its advantages are numerous, the debate between plaster and drywall has persisted, leading to considerations of cost and value. This chapter aims to delve into these aspects, exploring why plaster might be worth the investment despite its seemingly higher initial costs.

The Initial Cost of Plaster

Plaster walls, without a doubt, tend to be more expensive than their painted drywall counterparts. This disparity in cost is predominantly because plastering requires more skilled labour, and attention to detail, and in most cases involves a three-coat process which varies depending on the type of plaster finish chosen.

Each coat requires time and precision, leading to higher labour costs, and the materials themselves may be more expensive. These factors collectively contribute to the increased initial outlay for plaster walls.

The Value Proposition of Plaster

While the costs may seem prohibitive, it is essential to look beyond the immediate expenses and into the long-term value that plaster walls can offer. Here are some factors that contribute to the value of plaster:

Durability: Plaster walls are renowned for their longevity and resistance to wear and tear. Properly maintained, they can outlast painted walls and ceilings by decades, making them a wise investment for those looking for a long-lasting solution.
Aesthetic Appeal: Plaster provides a unique, rich texture that is difficult to replicate with painted walls and ceilings. Its ability to be moulded into various shapes and styles adds a distinctive character to interiors, enhancing the overall beauty of the living space.
Sound Insulation: Plaster walls offer superior sound insulation compared to painted walls and ceilings, contributing to a more peaceful and serene environment within the home.
Energy Efficiency: Plaster’s natural thermal mass helps in regulating the internal temperature of a building, thus potentially reducing energy bills.

In evaluating the cost and value of plaster, it is crucial to understand that the initial expense is part of a more extensive investment in quality, durability, and aesthetic appeal. While it may seem like a premium option, the benefits of plaster walls often justify the cost, providing homeowners with a long-term asset that enhances both comfort and elegance within their living spaces.

For those considering building or renovating a home, the choice between plaster and painted walls and ceilings should not be merely a matter of cost. By taking into account the unique advantages and enduring beauty that plaster offers, one might find that the added expense is not just justified but a wise and rewarding investment.

^{Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Reading Nook in Kensal Rise, North West London (Dinesen Douglas Fir window reveals)}

Chapter 3: Preparation and Patience

Before delving into the different types of plaster, it’s crucial to understand the prerequisites. Plastering is a complex process, involving the application of different materials to internal walls to achieve a smooth and durable surface. The process is intricate and requires attention to detail and adherence to specific guidelines. All plaster types need a substrate to bond to, and this varies by type and brand, as does the durability and waterproofness of the particular plaster. Installation demands trowelling skills and patience – each layer must dry before applying the next.

The preparation of the substrate for plastering internal walls is a vital step that influences the quality and longevity of the final surface. Understanding the specific requirements for different plaster types and taking care to follow appropriate preparation procedures ensures a successful application. Whether a professional tradesperson or a DIY enthusiast, attention to detail, patience, and adherence to best practices will lead to a satisfactory outcome.

^{Clay plaster at our Birch & Clay Refugio project in the Kid’s Bedroom in Kensal Rise, North West London (Birch Plywood stairs and bunk beds)}

Chapter 4: Clay Plaster

Clay plaster, a unique combination of clay, sand, and pigments, is gaining acclaim in the modern world of interior finishes for its health benefits and aesthetic appeal. Notably, the use of clay plaster offers an environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing design, which has become a favourite choice for individuals with chemical sensitivities.

Clay Plaster: Composition and Benefits

Made from natural elements, clay plaster usually yields a matte, sometimes rough, finish, providing a range of earthy shades that can add warmth and character to any space. Its natural composition makes it a healthy option for interiors, free from artificial chemicals that can trigger sensitivities.

One of the defining features of clay plaster is its ability to regulate humidity within the house. Acting as a natural absorbent, it takes in moisture and releases it when necessary, creating a balanced indoor environment.

However, its use comes with certain limitations, primarily in areas exposed to excessive moisture such as bathrooms and kitchens. Despite this, the advantages of clay plaster make it a wise choice for living areas, bedrooms, and other spaces where moisture control and aesthetic appeal are paramount.

Clayworks: A Pioneer in Clay Plaster Finishes

Among the companies specialising in clay plaster, Clayworks stands out for its innovation and dedication to sustainable practices. Founded by Adam Weismann and Katy Bryce in 2002, Clayworks originated from a passion for nature and a commitment to ecological building methods.

Katy and Adam’s aspiration led them to investigate the employment of architectural materials, with a particular emphasis on earth. They aimed to create a harmonious balance in buildings, focusing on being environmentally friendly without compromising on aesthetics.

Clayworks clay plasters are distinct combinations of raw, unfired clays mixed with minerals and pigments, creating healthy and breathable finishes for the interiors of walls and ceilings. Over the years, these plasters have been specified in various projects with amazing results, as showcased in the images in this article.

Sustainability and Aesthetics: Crafted in Cornwall

The natural abundance of raw materials in Cornwall has provided Clayworks with a rich supply of resources to craft some of the most eco-friendly and health-conscious wall finishes on the market. These plasters are not only about appearance; they stand as a testament to sustainable practices that embrace the importance of environmental responsibility.

Clay plaster finishes offer an exciting and meaningful direction in interior design. With health benefits, aesthetic appeal, and an inherent connection to nature, they resonate with modern sensibilities while paying homage to traditional methods.

The journey of Clayworks illustrates how innovation and a love for nature can lead to beautiful and responsible design. Their clay plasters are a perfect example of what can be achieved when artistry and sustainability are married together.

Image of Clay plaster walls and ceilings at our Birch & Clay Refugio project in the Master Bedroom in Kensal Rise, North West London — ^{Clay plaster walls and ceilings at our Birch & Clay Refugio project in the Master Bedroom in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Chapter 5: Slaked Lime Plaster

Lime plaster, a traditional internal wall finish, boasts a rich history dating back over 140 centuries. Originating in northern Jordan, this ancient technique is still prevalent today despite the emergence of modern alternatives like gypsum-based and cement plasters.

Understanding Lime Plaster

Comprised of lime, sand, and water, lime plaster is used to cover the surfaces of internal walls and ceilings before painting. Sometimes fibres such as animal hair are mixed in to reinforce the structure and enhance the bond with the underlying substructure.

Lime, the essential ingredient, is derived from materials such as limestone, chalk, or seashells. These are formed from calcium carbonate and burnt to create quicklime.

There are two principal types of lime used:

Non-Hydraulic Lime: Made from pure limestone, this variant is available as lime putty, offering excellent flexibility and breathability.
Hydraulic Lime: This type, produced from limestone with natural impurities, comes in powder form. Upon contact with water, it starts to set, offering distinct properties.

Why Choose Lime Plaster? The Advantages

Though largely overtaken by modern materials, lime plaster’s significance is being rediscovered, especially by renovators and owners of period properties. Even those constructing new homes are recognising its myriad benefits. Here’s why lime plaster is worth considering:

Damp Prevention: As a breathable material, lime plaster allows air to pass through, unlike denser cement or polymer-based alternatives. This feature enables moisture to escape, virtually eliminating any damp issues, a common problem in old properties due to impermeable materials.
Eco-Friendly Choice: Lime plaster requires less energy to produce compared to other types of modern plaster, plus it absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, making it a sustainable option.
Enhances Air Quality: Lime plaster acts as a natural dehumidifier, absorbing moisture when necessary and releasing it when the air becomes too dry.
Longevity: Composed of minuscule particles, lime plaster penetrates deeply into even the tiniest gaps, forming a secure bond. Over time, calcite crystals form, strengthening the plaster and making it extremely durable.
Flexibility: Unlike more brittle, cement-like materials, lime is exceptionally forgiving and less prone to cracking.
Aesthetic Appeal: With its soft, natural finish, lime plaster offers a unique beauty that fits both rustic and contemporary properties.

Rediscovering Lime Plaster

While modern gypsum-based plasters have become a standard choice for many, the timeless appeal and multifaceted benefits of lime plaster are rekindling interest among homeowners and builders alike. Whether for its eco-friendliness, ability to prevent damp, or its unique aesthetics, lime plaster stands as an enduring and versatile option that resonates with both tradition and modernity.

For those looking to bring a touch of history into their homes or seeking sustainable alternatives, lime plaster might just be the perfect answer, uniting the past and present in a beautiful and functional way.

Image of Pink plaster walls and ceiling at our Kensal Rise Apartments project in North West London — ^{Pink plaster walls and ceiling at our Kensal Rise Apartments project in North West London}

Chapter 6: Gypsum (Pink) Plaster

Interior plaster finishes have been used throughout history to create durable and attractive wall surfaces. Their unique charm offers a tactile and visual experience, injecting a subtle, earthy wash of colour into your home. If you’re fond of industrial and shabby chic interiors, these raw plaster finishes can perfectly enhance your space, lending an air of natural elegance. This style of finish is not only aesthetically appealing but practical too. Since exposed plaster walls forego the need for paint, they save on costs and offer the added benefit of being chemical-free.

Among various types of plaster, gypsum plaster is somewhat more delicate and temperamental than its counterpart, slaked lime. This plaster requires meticulous attention during application, but when handled with care, it can offer excellent results. To create the ideal finish, gypsum plaster must be mixed with water and applied promptly – within 35 to 40 minutes. Delaying this process can lead to the formation of weaknesses known as “cold joints,” which can affect the finish’s durability.

Despite these minor inconveniences, gypsum plaster comes with several upsides. It’s less expensive than lime plaster and necessitates fewer coats, making it a cost-effective choice for many. Moreover, gypsum plaster offers an element of customisation, as it can be tinted to create a variety of visual effects, ranging from soft pastels to dramatic dark hues.

However, it’s crucial to remember that plastering walls is a labour-intensive task that ideally should be entrusted to a professional. It may come with a higher initial cost than ordinary drywall, but the longevity of plaster walls is remarkable. Typically, they will last significantly longer than your average painted drywall, making the investment worthwhile in the long run.

In conclusion, plaster finishes for internal walls and ceilings are an exquisite choice for those desiring a unique, enduring and aesthetically pleasing home interior. Their inherent texture, chemical-free nature, and cost-saving aspects make plaster walls an attractive alternative to the ubiquitous painted wall.

Image of Venetian plaster wall at our Plywood House project in Primrose Hill, North London — ^{Venetian plaster wall at our Plywood House project in Primrose Hill, North London}

Chapter 7: Venetian Plaster

Among the myriad plaster finishes available today, Venetian plaster stands as a testament to the timeless elegance that interior finishes can bestow upon a living space. It’s an ancient technique, steeped in tradition and sophistication, originating from the grandeur of Venetian palaces. This decorative style, with its rich lustre and captivating textures, can transform even the most ordinary of spaces into an interior that radiates charm and grandiosity reminiscent of a Venetian palace.

Venetian plaster, also known as ‘Stucco Veneziano‘ (or polished plaster), is a finishing technique where pigment is introduced into slaked lime plaster. This is often enhanced with the addition of marble dust, which helps to give the plaster its distinct polished and high-sheen quality. This quality sets Venetian plaster apart, lending the walls a depth and radiance that’s truly unique.

The process of applying Venetian plaster is a fine art, honed over centuries. It involves several stages of meticulous application, burnishing and polishing. The composition of slaked lime and marble dust allows for multiple thin layers of plaster to be applied, each one contributing to the depth and sheen of the finished product. The plaster is usually applied with a spatula or trowel in thin, overlapping strokes, creating a distinctive, layered effect.

The pigments used in Venetian plaster offer limitless colour options, opening a world of possibilities for your interior décor. The natural lime in the plaster creates a captivating interplay with the pigments, giving rise to subtle tonal variations and an iridescent glow that changes with the angle of light. From soft, understated pastels to bold, vibrant hues, the colour palette is as diverse as your imagination.

But Venetian plaster is more than just aesthetically pleasing; it also possesses practical benefits. The slaked lime in the plaster makes it naturally anti-bacterial and mould-resistant, offering a healthy and durable finish. Additionally, lime plaster can absorb and release moisture, making it breathable and helping to regulate indoor humidity levels.

However, achieving the perfect Venetian plaster finish requires a level of expertise and patience that comes with professional training and experience. Despite being a labour-intensive and skilled process, the resulting finish offers a breathtaking transformation, presenting a visually stunning, tactile surface that can imbue your space with a distinct, refined charm.

In conclusion, Venetian plaster offers an age-old solution to modern interior design, blending artistry, tradition, and practicality. Its unique depth, lustre, and limitless colour options make it a versatile and sophisticated choice for those wishing to imbue their homes with timeless elegance. It is indeed an exquisite testament to the enduring beauty of plaster finishes.

image of Tadelakt plaster walls and floor at our Birch & Clay Refugio project in the Family Bathroom in Kensal Rise, North West London — ^{Tadelakt plaster walls and floor at our Birch & Clay Refugio project in the Family Bathroom in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Chapter 8: Tadelakt

In the world of plaster finishes, one traditional Moroccan technique has been capturing the attention of designers and homeowners alike: Tadelakt. This distinctive plaster, composed of lime and black olive soap, is not only aesthetically engaging but incredibly functional. Tadelakt is most renowned for its waterproof qualities, and it’s this unique characteristic that makes it ideally suited for showers, baths, sinks, and tubs.

The Origins of Tadelakt

Tadelakt, meaning ‘to rub’ or ‘knead’ in Arabic, hails from the ancient architectural traditions of Morocco. Its origins can be traced back hundreds of years when it became a hallmark of Moroccan hammams (bathhouses) and palatial architecture. This waterproof plaster finish has become synonymous with luxury and the exotic allure of North African design.

Composition and Application

Tadelakt is created from a particular type of lime known as hydraulic lime, often sourced from the Marrakech region in Morocco. This lime is combined with black olive soap, creating a mixture that, when applied correctly, results in a smooth, waterproof membrane.

The application of Tadelakt is an intricate, labour-intensive process, demanding expertise and precision. The plaster must be applied in several thin layers, followed by a careful process of polishing with a river stone and sealing with soap. This action creates the waterproof barrier that characterises Tadelakt and gives it its beautiful, high-gloss finish.

Uses and Versatility

The waterproof nature of Tadelakt has seen it used extensively in areas prone to moisture, such as bathrooms, showers, and kitchens. It’s not limited to walls and floors, either; Tadelakt can be sculpted to form sinks, tubs, and even decorative water features.

One of the standout features of Tadelakt is its aesthetic flexibility. It lends itself to a wide array of colours, textures, and finishes. From the traditional earthy tones of Moroccan design to more contemporary hues, Tadelakt can be customised to fit a wide variety of interior styles.

Environmental and Health Benefits

Beyond its visual appeal, Tadelakt is often praised for its ecological and health benefits. The natural components make it free from synthetic chemicals, contributing to a healthy indoor environment. Its breathability also aids in regulating humidity levels, enhancing overall indoor comfort.

Conclusion

Tadelakt is more than just a plaster finish; it is a piece of Moroccan heritage, an art form that merges function and beauty. Its waterproof nature, combined with its rich aesthetic appeal, makes it a unique choice in modern design. From the luxurious hammams of Marrakech to the bathrooms and kitchens of contemporary homes, Tadelakt continues to enchant those in search of something extraordinary in their interior spaces. Its blend of tradition, beauty, and practicality makes it a prominent choice in plaster finishes.

Chapter 9: Neo Plaster

The field of plaster wall finishes is constantly evolving, with companies always in search of innovative approaches to enhance efficiency and aesthetics. Today, numerous companies are creating unique plaster wall finishes that require fewer coats, effectively streamlining the application process. These innovations often include acrylics and other ingredients to produce a plethora of finishes, maintaining the same depth and texture traditionally associated with plaster.

The Evolution of Plaster Finishes

Plaster finishes have a long history, dating back centuries. They’ve been used extensively in architectural and decorative contexts for their versatility, beauty, and durability. However, the application of traditional plaster finishes can be a time-consuming process, often requiring multiple coats and a lengthy drying period.

In the pursuit of progress, the plaster industry has embraced modern technologies and materials. Today, companies are experimenting with new formulations that reduce the number of coats needed, drastically speeding up the application process.

The Role of Acrylics and Other Ingredients

In these innovative plaster wall finishes, acrylics and other additives play a crucial role. These components help to increase the plaster’s adhesion to surfaces, provide additional resistance to moisture, and enhance the overall durability of the finish. What’s more, these elements can add flexibility to the plaster, reducing the likelihood of cracking over time.

These finishes can replicate the depth and texture that traditional plasters are known for, offering a diverse range of visual effects. From the rough, rustic appeal of traditional lime or clay plaster to the sleek sheen of Venetian plaster, these innovative mixes can mimic a broad spectrum of styles.

The Benefits of Innovation

Aside from expediting the application process, these innovative plaster wall finishes offer several other benefits. First, by reducing the number of coats needed, these finishes can significantly cut down on labour costs and time, making plaster finishes more accessible for various projects.

Secondly, the diversity of finishes available opens up a new world of aesthetic possibilities. With a broader range of textures, finishes, and colour options, these innovative plasters provide increased scope for creativity and personalisation in interior design.

Finally, many of these innovative plasters are designed with sustainability in mind. They can contain low or zero volatile organic compounds (VOCs), making them a healthier choice for indoor environments. Furthermore, some products on the market are made with recycled or renewable materials, underlining the industry’s growing commitment to eco-friendly practices.

In conclusion, the continuous quest for innovation in the world of plaster wall finishes is a testament to the industry’s adaptability and dedication to improvement. As a result of this pursuit, we now have access to a range of plaster finishes that are not only quicker and easier to apply but also offer the same depth and texture that we love about traditional plasters.

image of Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Dining room in Kensal Rise, North West London (cabinet from Retrouvious on Harrow Road) — ^{Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Dining room in Kensal Rise, North West London (cabinet from Retrouvious on Harrow Road)}

Chapter 10: The Future of Plaster

As we look towards the future, it’s clear that the revival of plaster is more than a fleeting trend. As we become more aware of our impact on the environment and the value of natural, sustainable materials, the appeal of plaster only grows. It is a material with vast potential—breathable, flexible, and able to adapt to any design aesthetic. It is an area that deserves more exploration and is set to shape the future of architecture and design.

image of Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Dining room in Kensal Rise, North West London (Birch Plywood storage doors on the left hand side and Dinesen Douglas Fir floorboards) — ^{Clay plaster at our Douglas House project in the Dining room in Kensal Rise, North West London (Birch Plywood storage doors on the left-hand side and Dinesen Douglas Fir floorboards)}

Conclusion

As an architecture studio dedicated to low energy and low embodied carbon designs, we see plaster as a material and a medium of creative expression. Its natural composition, versatility, and durability make it an attractive choice for both traditional and contemporary designs. Exploring its different types and understanding their unique attributes is an exciting journey that I hope this guide has illuminated for you. It is our firm belief that as we continue to appreciate and explore this versatile medium, we will see more creative and sustainable uses for plaster in the architecture of tomorrow.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

RISE Design Studio Architects company reg no: 08129708 VAT no: GB158316403 © RISE Design Studio. Trading since 2011.

Acoustic Architecture: The Resounding Legacy of Sound Mirrors

Posted on July 27, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

We have often drawn upon diverse sources of inspiration, ranging from the natural world to historical structures. Over the years, our focus has evolved towards incorporating principles of low energy and low embodied carbon into our designs, aligning with the urgent need for sustainable solutions in the architecture industry. Among these numerous sources of inspiration, there is one historically significant technological invention that continues to intrigue me – Sound Mirrors. Used extensively during the early 20th century before becoming obsolete with the advent of radar, these ‘listening ears’ have left a resounding impact on the world of architecture and design.

An image of a Sound Mirror in Dungeness, South East England — ^{A Denge Sound Mirror in Dungeness, Kent, South East England}

Chapter 1: The Science of Acoustic Mirrors

Before diving into the details of specific mirrors, let’s explore the underlying scientific principles. Acoustic mirrors, also known as sound mirrors, were rudimentary radar forerunners developed between 1916 and the 1930s to detect incoming enemy aircraft and airships. The idea was to provide an early warning system for potential attacks on coastal towns.

Chapter 2: The Listening Ears Become Obsolete

Despite their innovative approach, sound mirrors had their limitations. As aircraft speed increased, the mirrors’ utility decreased – an airplane would already be in sight before the mirror could detect it. The invention of radar in the late 1930s eventually rendered these structures obsolete. However, despite their functional obsolescence, these structures continue to intrigue architects and acoustic enthusiasts alike for their unique construction and historical significance.

Chapter 3: The Famous Denge Sound Mirrors

The Denge sound mirrors, located in Dungeness, Kent, are arguably the most renowned set of acoustic mirrors, known for their strikingly haunting presence amidst a barren landscape. These monolithic concrete structures, reflecting the stark light of the Kent coast, serve as a reminder of our history and the rapidly changing technological landscape.

Chapter 4: The Lesser-known Mirrors and Their Unique Designs

While Denge mirrors receive most of the spotlight, several lesser-known mirrors, each with its unique design, are scattered across the British coastline. This includes mirrors at locations like Kilnsea in East Yorkshire, Boulby in North Yorkshire, Redcar, Sunderland, and more. Some of these have unfortunately been demolished, like the ones in Hartlepool and Seaham.

Chapter 5: The Southern Coast Acoustic Mirrors

Sound mirrors were not confined to the north; many were built along the southern coast as well. These locations included Abbott’s Cliff, east of Folkestone, Kent, Fan Bay, east of Dover, Kent, Hythe, Kent, Joss Gap, Kent, Selsey, West Sussex, and Warden Point, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. Each location presents a unique narrative of historical and architectural significance.

Chapter 6: The International Sound Mirror

The concept of sound mirrors transcended national borders with the construction of a mirror in Maghtab, Malta. This represents the wide reach of these structures and their significance during the period they were operational.

Chapter 7: The Snave Experiment

The Snave location on Romney Marsh stands out for its unique horizontal disc design, a deviation from the conventional design of the sound mirrors. This represents an interesting variant of the aeroplane detection system used at the time.

Chapter 8: Visiting the Acoustic Mirrors

For those interested in exploring these remarkable structures, many of them are still standing and accessible to the public. They represent an opportunity to delve into the past and glean valuable insights into the technological advancements of the early 20th century. The chapter provides details on where and how to visit these architectural gems.

Chapter 9: Contemporary Interpretations of Sound Mirrors

Today, architects and artists have reinterpreted the concept of sound mirrors, incorporating them into modern installations for art, education, and entertainment. An example is the modern sound mirror next to the Royal Military Canal in Kent. Another example is Sonic Marshmallows in Essex. These installations provide a contemporary interpretation of the sound mirror concept, serving both aesthetic and educational purposes.

Chapter 10: The Legacy of Sound Mirrors and Contemporary Architecture

Finally, we delve into the influence these historical structures have on contemporary architectural designs. Not only do they continue to inspire modern installations, but the underlying principles of using natural phenomena and local resources in their construction resonate with the low energy and low embodied carbon designs that we focus on in our studio.

The legacy of sound mirrors serves as a reminder that architecture should be a synthesis of form, function, and respect for the environment. In an era where sustainability and energy efficiency are crucial, the ingenuity of the sound mirrors provides valuable lessons for architects, designers, and everyone invested in the future of our built environment.

FAQs

1. What are acoustic mirrors?

Acoustic mirrors, also known as sound mirrors, were developed between 1916 and the 1930s as rudimentary radar forerunners to detect incoming enemy aircraft and airships. They served as an early warning system for potential attacks on coastal towns.

2. Why did acoustic mirrors become obsolete?

With the increase in aircraft speed, the utility of sound mirrors decreased. The aeroplane would already be in sight before the mirror could detect it. The invention of radar in the late 1930s rendered these structures obsolete. However, they still intrigue architects and acoustic enthusiasts for their unique construction and historical significance.

3. Where can I see the most famous acoustic mirrors?

The most renowned set of acoustic mirrors, known as the Denge sound mirrors, are located in Dungeness, Kent. They’re known for their haunting presence amidst a barren landscape.

4. Are there any modern interpretations of sound mirrors?

Yes, contemporary architects and artists have reinterpreted the concept of sound mirrors, incorporating them into modern installations for art, education, and entertainment. Examples include the modern sound mirror next to the Royal Military Canal in Kent and Sonic Marshmallows in Essex.

5. How do acoustic mirrors influence contemporary architecture?

The underlying principles of using natural phenomena and local resources in the construction of sound mirrors resonate with the current focus on low energy and low embodied carbon designs. They serve as a reminder that architecture should be a synthesis of form, function, and respect for the environment. This ingenuity provides valuable lessons for architects, designers, and those invested in the future of our built environment.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

RISE Design Studio Architects company reg no: 08129708 VAT no: GB158316403 © RISE Design Studio. Trading since 2011.

The Future of London’s Historic Houses: Revitalising the Old with EnerPHit Refurbishments

Posted on July 27, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

Our journey in refurbishing London’s historic homes has led us to embrace the EnerPHit refurbishment strategy. This methodology guides us in revitalising older buildings to meet modern efficiency standards, and crucially, aligns with the government’s ‘2050 net-zero‘ carbon emissions target. In this article, we describe how we can upgrade the existing housing stock using EnerPHit methods.

Chapter 1: Understanding the Peculiarities of London’s Historical Housing Stock

London is adorned with a rich tapestry of architectural history – a city where centuries-old Victorian, Georgian, and Edwardian properties rub shoulders with sleek modern buildings. This interweaving of past and present not only enhances the city’s charm but also contributes to its distinct visual and community identity. However, these heritage buildings often underperform in terms of thermal efficiency and are not prepared to meet the challenges of our changing climate.

Queen's Park House in Queen's Park, NW London, which included upgrading the existing walls with internal wall insulation. — ^{Queen’s Park House in Queen’s Park, NW London, which included upgrading the existing walls with internal wall insulation.}

Chapter 2: Bridging the Past and Future: The Challenge of Energy Efficiency

To reduce our carbon footprint and limit global heating to 1.5 degrees, we must address the deficiencies in these older homes’ thermal design. Often, these buildings are about 3 times less thermally efficient than their contemporary counterparts that meet current building regulations standards. Therefore, it’s crucial to employ modern construction techniques that uphold the character of these historic properties while improving their energy performance.

Chapter 3: Retrofitting London’s Historic Homes with EnerPHit Standards

EnerPHit, a term combining ‘energy’ and the ‘Passive House’ (Passivhaus) concept, offers an effective strategy for overhauling these old structures. Like an insulated flask, an EnerPHit-compliant building retains the right temperature with minimal need for active cooling or heating. Achieving this requires a concerted approach involving well-insulated building envelopes, high-performing windows, efficient ventilation systems, airtight construction, and the elimination of thermal bridges.

Chapter 4: An Architect’s Guide to Implementing EnerPHit Principles

The transition to energy-efficient homes may seem daunting, especially when dealing with older properties. However, with thoughtful planning and a commitment to sustainable design, it’s possible to enhance energy performance while retaining the structure’s unique character. The crucial aspect here is understanding how the five fundamental EnerPHit requirements can be integrated into each project.

The five EnerPHit requirements are:

High levels of insulation — either internal or external, although internal needs more care in terms of moisture risk
High-performance triple-glazed windows and external doors
Careful consideration of window installation
An airtightness reading of 1.0
A Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) system

Micro-generation of power, like Solar PVs, can be added to increase the low-energy nature of the home.

Chapter 5: EnerPHit Certification: A Holistic Approach to Refurbishment

EnerPHit certification offers a comprehensive framework for refurbishing existing buildings. It promotes a comprehensive understanding of the built environment, allowing architects to identify ‘easy wins’ for energy savings. The certification process can also be phased to accommodate complex refurbishment projects.

Chapter 6: The Importance of Precise Evaluation and Data Analysis

Before diving into design and construction, it’s essential to thoroughly understand the current state of the building. This understanding relies heavily on data, including quantitative analysis of condensation levels, and thermal imaging, as well as qualitative assessments of structural conditions and notable features. The data gathered will help architects identify suitable solutions to mitigate energy wastage and prevent further decay.

^{Ice Cream House in Hampstead, North London, has been designed using EnerPHit methods including high levels of insulation, high-performance glazing, airtightness, MVHR, ASHP and Solar PVs.}

Chapter 7: Case Study: The Ice Cream House Refurbishment

A practical example of an EnerPHit refurbishment project is our Ice Cream House located in Camden’s conservation areas. The homeowners sought to revamp the 1890s property to suit their contemporary lifestyle. Recognising the opportunity to add long-term environmental value, we applied EnerPHit standards in designing the extensions and internal modifications.

Chapter 8: Tying Old and New: The Role of Material Selection

The Ice Cream House refurbishment not only improved the energy performance but also harmonized old and new elements. The existing building envelope, initially a solid brick skin, was updated with low embodied carbon materials like internal insulation and clay plaster finishes. High-performance double-glazing windows with FSC timber insulated frames were installed for the sash windows, further boosting the house’s energy efficiency.

^{MVHR ducting at Herbert Paradise in Kensal Rise, NW London}

Chapter 9: MVHR and Renewable Energy Integration

To ensure superior indoor air quality, a mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR) system was implemented across the entire property. The MVHR system expels stale air while retaining most of the heat, thereby enhancing energy efficiency. An air source heat pump (ASHP) was also added to satisfy residual energy demands post-renovation as well as Solar Photovoltaic Panels on the rear outrigger roof, helping to edge the property towards a ‘net zero’ state.

^{An 8 Panel 340W Solar PV System at Ice Cream House in Hampstead, North London}

Chapter 10: The Future of Historical Properties: Balancing Heritage and Sustainability

As we look to the future, retrofitting older properties with EnerPHit principles is no longer an option but a necessity. The challenge, however, lies in achieving a delicate balance between preserving the character and heritage of these buildings and introducing the essential elements of modern, energy-efficient design. Just as our predecessors strived for homes that reflected their time, we too must work towards creating homes that will serve the needs of future generations. To accomplish this, architects must commit to sustainable refurbishment practices.

In conclusion, the road to ‘net-zero 2050’ requires a radical rethink of our approach to the existing housing stock. As architects, we have a unique role in shaping this transformation. It’s time we step up and embrace the change, preserving the past while preparing for the future.

Aerial view of Queen's Park, North West London, with the city centre in the background — ^{Aerial view of Queen’s Park, North West London, with the city centre in the background}

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does ‘net-zero 2050’ mean?

‘Net-zero 2050’ is a target set by many governments, including the UK, to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2050. This means that by 2050, the amount of greenhouse gases produced will be balanced by the amount removed from the atmosphere, effectively reducing our impact on climate change.

2. What is the EnerPHit refurbishment strategy?

EnerPHit is a strategy for retrofitting existing buildings to drastically reduce their overall energy demand. This is achieved by implementing standards used in Passive House (Passivhaus) construction, which include a well-insulated building envelope, strategic window placement, efficient heat recovery and ventilation systems, an airtight envelope, and avoidance of thermal bridges.

3. What is the Passive House concept?

The Passive House (Passivhaus) concept refers to a rigorous, voluntary standard for energy efficiency in a building. This reduces its ecological footprint, resulting in ultra-low-energy buildings that require little energy for heating or cooling. EnerPHit is the term used when these standards are applied to existing buildings.

4. How can EnerPHit refurbishment address thermal efficiency in older homes?

EnerPHit refurbishment can drastically improve thermal efficiency in older homes by addressing issues such as airtightness, insulation, and ventilation. By implementing EnerPHit principles, these homes can retain warmth during colder months and stay cool during warmer ones, significantly reducing their energy demand and carbon emissions.

5. How is EnerPHit certification achieved?

EnerPHit certification involves a thorough and holistic evaluation of the building. This includes measuring functions like primary energy demand and assessing the performance of components such as windows, doors, and ventilation systems. It also takes into account the building’s existing fabric and allows for phased works to be completed over time.

6. What is the role of data in EnerPHit refurbishments?

Data plays a vital role in understanding a building’s current condition before refurbishments. It allows for a quantitative analysis of aspects like condensation levels, and thermal imaging, as well as qualitative assessments of structural conditions and unique features. This information guides architects towards proven solutions to mitigate energy wastage and further decay.

7. How do materials selection impact EnerPHit refurbishments?

Materials play a critical role in the EnerPHit refurbishment process. The choice of materials can greatly influence the building’s thermal performance, airtightness, and overall sustainability. Using low embodied carbon materials, such as internal wood-fibre insulation, clay plaster and timber structure (as opposed to steel), can help reduce a building’s overall carbon footprint.

8. How does a Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery (MVHR) system function?

An MVHR system extracts stale air from a building while retaining most of the heat. The heat exchanger in the system transfers internal heat from outgoing air to incoming fresh external air. This helps maintain indoor air quality, provides a constant fresh air supply, and increases energy efficiency.

9. What is an Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP), and how does it contribute to energy efficiency?

An ASHP is a device that absorbs heat from the outside air and uses it to heat water for space heating. This process continues to work even when the external temperature is as low as -15° C. An ASHP can significantly contribute to a building’s energy efficiency by meeting the residual energy demands after a full renovation.

10. How does the EnerPHit refurbishment strategy balance heritage and sustainability in older buildings?

EnerPHit refurbishment focuses on upgrading a building’s energy performance while preserving its unique characteristics. This involves sensitive upgrades that maintain the building’s aesthetic and historical value, like replacing old components with high-performing replicas, while improving insulation, airtightness, and ventilation for increased energy efficiency. This delicate balance between heritage and sustainability ensures that the historical integrity of the property is maintained while it meets modern-day energy requirements.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

RISE Design Studio Architects company reg no: 08129708 VAT no: GB158316403 © RISE Design Studio. Trading since 2011.

Architectural Evolution: How AI is Reshaping the Future of Design and Sustainability

Posted on July 12, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

Chapter 1: The Architectural Revolution Unveiled

In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, we as architects find ourselves at a crossroads. The convergence of architecture and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to redefine the profession fundamentally. As we contemplate the immense potential and challenges AI presents in architecture, it is imperative to explore how architects can secure their place in this transforming landscape. This article delves into the dynamic interplay between AI and architecture, highlighting opportunities, risks, and the skills architects must cultivate to navigate an increasingly automated world.

^{What is the future for architects, how will AI be used to design and create new buildings?}

Chapter 2: AI’s Design Potential

One of the most captivating opportunities AI offers is the ability to conceive designs previously unattainable through traditional means. AI’s capacity to generate a myriad of design options in mere minutes empowers architects to swiftly assess and compare alternatives, facilitating data-driven decisions. This transformative capability enables architects to save resources, and time, and, most importantly, deliver high-quality designs that precisely align with their clients’ needs.

Chapter 3: Optimising Building Performance

AI’s foray into architecture extends beyond design ideation. It extends to analysing and optimising building performance, incorporating factors such as energy efficiency, comfort, and sustainability. By simulating real-time building performance, architects can identify areas for enhancement and promptly refine their designs for optimum functionality. This newfound capability allows architects to create buildings that are not only energy-efficient and sustainable but also adaptable to evolving client requirements.

Chapter 4: Guarding Against Algorithmic Bias

The integration of AI introduces a significant risk: algorithmic bias. If AI algorithms are trained on biased datasets, they may inadvertently perpetuate design and building biases. This chapter underscores the need for architects to ensure transparency and impartiality in AI systems’ decision-making processes. A conscious effort is required to prevent AI from inadvertently homogenising architectural creativity.

Chapter 5: Navigating the Potential for Job Displacement

AI’s emergence in architecture also carries the spectre of job displacement. Automation threatens to alter the landscape of the design and construction industry, raising concerns about the future of architects and other professionals. Architects must not succumb to fear but instead actively cultivate new skills and competencies in alignment with the evolving demands of an automated world. Collaboration with AI providers is essential to ensure that AI technology aligns with the industry’s broader needs.

Chapter 6: Embracing Change and Adaptation

AI’s introduction into architecture marks a pivotal moment in the field’s evolution. Architects must not merely embrace technological changes but also embrace the necessity of constant adaptation. While automation may push architects out of their comfort zones, it simultaneously invites them to harness their innate creativity and innovation. Architects need to sharpen their critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, data analysis skills, and digital literacy. Collaborative efforts with multidisciplinary teams become paramount.

Chapter 7: Architects as Innovators

In a world where innovation and creativity reign supreme, architects are called upon to embrace their inner child and channel their inner Picasso. This chapter underscores the enduring importance of creativity in architecture and the need to explore new frontiers of design through AI’s assistance. Architects must remain at the forefront of innovation, pioneering new architectural expression and problem-solving approaches.

Chapter 8: Mastering Digital Literacy

The architects of the future must master digital literacy to harness AI’s potential effectively. Data analysis, AI tools, and software proficiency are no longer optional but essential.

Chapter 9: The Power of Collaboration

In the age of AI, collaboration emerges as a cornerstone of architectural practice. Architects must work harmoniously within multidisciplinary teams, leveraging the strengths of diverse expertise. The emphasis needs to be on the value of teamwork in achieving holistic and innovative architectural solutions.

Chapter 10: Architects as Architects of Change

Ultimately, architects hold the reins to shape the future of their profession and redefine architecture itself. By seizing the opportunities AI presents and actively contributing to its development, architects can secure their place in the industry’s evolution. Architects need to be pioneers of change, leading the way towards a future where architecture and AI synergise to create visionary designs and sustainable solutions.

In this brave new world of architectural evolution, architects have a choice: lead the charge or risk being left behind. The future beckons, and it is now within their power to shape it, ensuring that the timeless art of architecture thrives in the age of AI.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call at 020 3290 1003

RISE Design Studio Architects company reg no: 08129708 VAT no: GB158316403 © RISE Design Studio. Trading since 2011.

Unifying Spaces: Transforming Flats into a Single Home (Amalgamation and Deconversion)

Posted on July 2, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

The intricate tapestry of urban landscapes tells the tale of human adaptation over centuries. Historical townhouses, particularly those opulent Victorian homes, are rich chapters in this narrative. Erected during an era where spacious, multi-room dwellings were a symbol of prosperity, they exuded an allure of magnificence. Yet, as urban demands intensified and housing needs shifted, these grand edifices were often dissected into individual flats – a pragmatic solution for an increasingly crowded and transient population.

View of Living of Kempe Road in NW London converting two flats to one house by RISE Design Studio — ^{Kempe Road in NW London converting two flats to one house by RISE Design Studio}

Fast forward to the present day, and the ethos is shifting once again. With a resurgence of interest in sustainable living and the need for spaces that evoke a sense of connection and continuity, there’s a renewed appetite for homes that echo the grandeur of yesteryears while incorporating the energy efficiencies of tomorrow.

For the contemporary homeowner, the allure of a deconverted space goes beyond mere nostalgia or the romanticism of living in a restored Victorian abode. It’s about reclaiming and repurposing space in a manner that resonates with today’s ethos. We’re seeing a growing tribe of homeowners who are not just looking for size or scale, but spaces that breathe, connect, and are in harmony with nature. They want homes that are both a nod to the past and a leap into the future.

This trend is not just an architectural fad. It’s rooted in deeper shifts in societal values and priorities. The modern-day homeowner is increasingly environmentally conscious. There’s an understanding that the choices we make in our homes today will have repercussions for generations to come. Thus, the deconversion process isn’t just about merging walls or restoring old fireplaces; it’s about integrating state-of-the-art sustainable technologies, ensuring energy efficiency, and reducing the carbon footprint of the dwelling. It’s about creating a home that’s warm in winter without being reliant on fossil fuels, a home that’s cool in summer without the need for power-hungry air conditioning.

In my tenure at our small contemporary design-led architecture studio, I’ve had the privilege of guiding numerous homeowners on this transformative journey of deconversion. Each project is a delicate dance of honouring the historical integrity of the space while weaving in modern, sustainable design elements. It’s an intricate process, replete with challenges, but the end result – a harmonious blend of the old and the new, the timeless and the innovative – is invariably worth the effort.

1. The First Step: Evaluating the Current State

Commencing a deconversion journey without a clear understanding of the current state of the property is much like setting sail on tumultuous seas without a compass. This primary step is vital not only from a design perspective but also from a legal and regulatory standpoint.

Historical Context and Alterations

Victorian homes, with their intricate detailing and grand designs, were often subjected to multiple alterations over the decades. The economic ebbs and flows, combined with the changing dynamics of urban living, meant that these dwellings often morphed to fit the needs of their inhabitants. A building that started as a singular grand family home might have been subdivided into multiple flats or bedsits to cater to the housing demand of different eras.

Interestingly, not all these modifications were done with the requisite permissions. In many cases, homeowners or landlords might have made these changes informally, without seeking the appropriate approvals from local authorities. While this might seem like a minor oversight, it bears significant implications for the present homeowner. If the property is still officially registered as a singular dwelling, despite its physical fragmentation, it can indeed simplify the deconversion process.

Navigating the Maze of Permissions and Regulations

Regardless of the historical context, it’s paramount to engage with your local council early on. This is not merely a box-ticking exercise. Engaging with the local council can offer clarity on several fronts:

Legal Status: Determine the official status of your property. Is it listed as a singular home or multiple dwellings? This information will serve as the foundation for your deconversion journey.
Architectural Integrity: A dialogue with the local council can help you glean insights into the architectural significance of the building, its history, and any heritage restrictions that might be in place. Victorian homes, given their age and cultural significance, might be subject to certain conservation regulations.
Planning Permissions: Based on the current state and official status of the building, you’ll need to understand what permissions are required for deconversion. This might range from simple internal modifications to more extensive structural changes.
Utilities and Services: Over time, divided homes often have utilities (like water, gas, and electricity) that are split among the units. It’s essential to assess these divisions and understand the implications of reverting them back to serve a singular residence.
Safety and Compliance: Older homes can sometimes harbour hidden issues – be it in the form of outdated wiring, plumbing anomalies, or structural wear and tear. Ensuring the safety and compliance of the home with modern standards is of utmost importance.

Seeking Professional Guidance

While it’s feasible to embark on the initial evaluation yourself, seeking the guidance of professionals – architects, surveyors, or heritage consultants – can be invaluable. They bring a wealth of experience and can preempt potential roadblocks, making the deconversion journey smoother and more efficient.

In conclusion, as the adage goes, ‘Well begun is half done.’ A thorough evaluation of the current state sets the tone for the subsequent stages of deconversion. It ensures that the journey back to grandeur is not just a romantic endeavour but one rooted in clarity, legality, and practicality.

2. Do You Need Planning Permission?

The allure of restoring a grand old home to its original state often comes with the assumption that, since you’re simply reverting to its initial design, there’s no need to get embroiled in the maze of permissions. Unfortunately, the reality isn’t always so straightforward. The act of deconversion, while it may sound simple, involves a slew of considerations, both architectural and regulatory.

Historical Overview: The 1990 Act and Beyond

The 1990 Town and Country Planning Act, which you may be familiar with, outlines the general permissions required for building and development works in the UK. Under this act, many internal and external alterations and extensions, often don’t require formal planning permission. This is termed as “permitted development rights”.

However, the landscape of urban planning and housing has evolved since then. In the year 2000 and beyond, with rising housing demands and urban densification, local councils became increasingly cautious of developments that led to a loss of housing units. The deconversion of a property from multiple flats to a singular residence, naturally, falls under this bracket.

Deconversion: A Balancing Act

While the idea of bringing a property back to its former glory is romantic, one has to navigate the fine balance between personal desires and community needs. Here are a few pivotal points to consider:

Loss of Housing: Local councils, especially in densely populated areas, are keen to ensure that there’s no significant loss of housing stock. If a building is currently home to multiple families and its deconversion would displace them, this can be a crucial factor in the decision-making process.
External Modifications: If your deconversion involves changes to the external façade, roofing, or any extensions, it will most likely require planning permission. Victorian homes, particularly those in conservation areas or listed buildings, have strict guidelines to preserve their historical and architectural integrity.
Infrastructure and Utilities: Combining utilities which had been separated – such as gas, water, and electricity – might need permissions, especially if they involve significant ground or structural work.
Local Housing Needs: This is a nuanced aspect that can vary from one council to another. If your area is facing a housing shortage or has specific goals for housing density, the council might be less inclined to approve a deconversion. It’s crucial to understand the local housing strategy and policies.

Professional Consultation and Pre-Application Advice

One way to navigate this complex terrain is to opt for a pre-application consultation with your local council. This process involves discussing your plans with the planning department before officially submitting your application. It offers a chance to understand any potential issues or concerns the council might have and provides an opportunity to make modifications before the formal submission.

Furthermore, enlisting the services of a seasoned architect can be invaluable. Their experience with the local regulations, coupled with a deep understanding of architectural possibilities, can guide you through the process with greater clarity and confidence.

In conclusion, while the path of deconversion is laden with multiple regulatory considerations, it’s not an insurmountable challenge. With the right guidance and a clear understanding of the local landscape, restoring a property to its singular grandeur can be both a feasible and deeply rewarding endeavour.

3. Housing Needs and Local Policies: Navigating Varied Terrains

While the broader strokes of housing and planning laws in the UK have a national framework, the detailed application of these laws is often left to local councils. This means that each council, driven by its own unique socio-economic realities, housing needs, and historical contexts, might have different policies regarding deconversion. Let’s delve into the varying terrains of housing policies across different boroughs, using London as a prime example.

Understanding London’s Mosaic of Housing Policies

London, with its rich tapestry of history, architecture, and socio-economic diversity, is a prime example of how varied local housing policies can be. Here’s a brief snapshot:

Kensington and Chelsea (RBKC): A borough with a rich history and some of the country’s most prestigious architectural gems, Kensington and Chelsea have always been protective of their residential stock. The council is often wary of any developments or alterations that might decrease the number of available housing units. This caution is borne out of a combination of preserving the borough’s character and ensuring a diverse mix of residents. Therefore, planning permission might be necessary for even minor deconversions, especially if it involves external modifications or loss of housing.
Westminster: Like RBKC, for even the slightest deconversions in Westminster, securing planning permission could be advisable, particularly if it involves changes to the exterior or impacts housing availability.
Camden: While still rooted in history, Camden has a more eclectic mix of architectural styles and a diverse population. As such, the council’s approach towards deconversions, especially for combining just two flats, might be more lenient. However, it’s still essential to be wary of localised regulations, especially if the property falls within a conservation area or if the proposed changes might have a broader impact on the local community.
Brent: Similar to Camden, the borough of Brent is generally more permissive when it comes to amalgamation.

Researching and Engaging: A Two-Pronged Approach

Given these varied terrains, adopting a dual strategy is imperative:

Research: Begin by diving deep into the specific housing policies of your borough. Most councils have their housing strategies, conservation area policies, and planning guidance available online. Look for any specific mentions of deconversions or the amalgamation of flats.
Engage: No amount of online research can replace direct engagement. Reach out to the planning department of your borough for a pre-application consultation. This not only helps in understanding their stance but also builds a rapport, which can be beneficial during the formal application process.

Other Variables to Consider

While the borough’s policy stance is crucial, it’s also essential to consider:

Local Housing Demand: A borough facing acute housing shortages might be less inclined to approve deconversions, even if their policies seem lenient.
Community Feedback: Neighbours and local community groups can influence the council’s decision. Engage with them early on to understand their concerns and, if possible, integrate their feedback into your plans.
Historical and Architectural Value: Properties with significant historical or architectural importance might have added layers of restrictions, regardless of the borough’s general stance.

In conclusion, the labyrinth of local housing policies might seem daunting at first, but with meticulous research and proactive engagement, it’s possible to navigate this terrain successfully. Understanding the unique pulse of each borough and aligning your project with local needs and sentiments is key to a smooth deconversion process.

4. Making a Case with a Lawful Development Certificate

Navigating the intricacies of housing policy and local planning regulations is often a complex dance, especially when you’re dealing with historical properties that might have seen a range of alterations and uses over their lifetime. In situations where a property has been functioning differently from its official status, the Lawful Development Certificate (LDC) emerges as a powerful tool. It’s designed to provide a legally binding determination of a property’s lawful use or development status. Let’s delve deeper into the LDC and understand how it can be utilised in the process of deconversion.

What is a Lawful Development Certificate?

A Lawful Development Certificate is a formal statement issued by the local planning authority, confirming the lawfulness of a property’s existing use, operational development, or failure to comply with a condition or limitation. In the context of deconversion, it serves to legitimise a singular use that has existed continuously for a particular period, even if it’s at odds with the property’s official designation.

When Should One Consider an LDC?

Existing Use for Over Four Years: If a property has been functioning as a single unit without the necessary permissions for over four continuous years, then this uninterrupted use can be legalised through an LDC.
Failure to Adhere to Conditions: If certain conditions or limitations were attached to previous planning permission and they’ve been breached for over ten continuous years, an LDC can be pursued.

Building a Strong Case: Steps to Obtain an LDC

Gathering Solid Evidence: One of the key factors in securing an LDC is proving the continuous use or the breach. Evidence might include utility bills, rental agreements, postal records, electoral register entries, affidavits from neighbours, and photographic evidence.
Application Process: Begin by filling out the necessary forms available from your local council’s planning department. Alongside the form, submit all the evidence that corroborates the use you’re claiming.
Council Review: Once submitted, the council will review the application and evidence. They might also conduct site visits and interview neighbours or local community members to verify the claims.
Decision: If the evidence is found to be compelling and aligns with the council’s criteria, an LDC will be granted, certifying the existing use or development as lawful.

The Benefits of Securing an LDC

Legal Clarity: An LDC provides a clear, definitive statement on the lawfulness of the property’s use, shielding homeowners from potential enforcement actions in the future.
Ease in Property Transactions: If you decide to sell the property, having an LDC can simplify the transaction process, as it eliminates any ambiguity regarding the property’s lawful use.
Peace of Mind: By ensuring that the property’s use aligns with the legal framework, homeowners can have peace of mind and focus on enjoying their restored space.

In summary, the Lawful Development Certificate serves as an essential instrument in the deconversion process, particularly for properties with a complex usage history. By meticulously gathering evidence and liaising with the local planning authorities, homeowners can legitimise their property’s use, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free deconversion journey.

5. Evaluating The Odds: Chances of Successful Deconversion

Undertaking a deconversion (amalgamation) can be a formidable endeavour, layered with multifaceted considerations and potential roadblocks. While the idea of restoring a property to its original splendour is an enticing one, the path to realisation is seldom linear. To grasp the prospects of a successful deconversion, it’s vital to evaluate several intertwined factors, each contributing to the larger picture of viability.

1. Restoration of Original Use

Importance: Reverting a property to its original state can be easier than significantly altering its structure. A building with a history of singular use, subsequently converted into multiple units, might find fewer obstacles when deconverted.

Challenges: Historical modifications might have drastically altered the property’s layout and structural integrity. Unearthing the original plans or accessing historic data can prove instrumental.

Impact on Success: If the property’s original design and structure are largely intact, this bodes well for the deconversion process.

2. Adherence to Space Standards for Family Homes

Importance: Ensuring a comfortable living environment is paramount. Deconverting should not compromise the space standards set for family homes, particularly in terms of room sizes, natural light, and ventilation.

Challenges: Some properties, when divided into flats, may have been modified to optimise smaller living spaces. Such alterations can make it challenging to restore rooms to their original, spacious configurations.

Impact on Success: A successful deconversion should align with contemporary expectations of living standards. Homes that can naturally adhere to or be adapted to meet these standards have higher success rates.

3. Consideration of Market Demands in the Area

Importance: Understanding the housing market in the vicinity is crucial. Are larger, singular homes in demand, or is there a predominant preference for individual flats?

Challenges: In areas where flats are in higher demand due to urbanisation or increased rental needs, deconversion might face market resistance.

Impact on Success: Ensuring that the deconverted property aligns with market demands can significantly increase its value and appeal, thereby enhancing the chances of a fruitful endeavour.

4. Ensuring the Non-Loss of Affordable Rental Units

Importance: With urban areas facing housing shortages, especially affordable rental units, it’s vital to weigh the societal implications of deconverting a property.

Challenges: Local councils might be resistant to deconversions that result in a decrease in affordable housing stock, particularly in areas with pronounced housing pressures.

Impact on Success: If a property’s deconversion leads to the loss of affordable units, obtaining permissions might be more challenging. Ensuring a balance or proposing alternate solutions can tip the scales in favour of a successful deconversion.

In Conclusion: Evaluating the odds of successful deconversion requires a holistic view, considering not just the architectural and logistical challenges, but also societal needs and market dynamics. While each property is unique, understanding these core factors can equip homeowners with the knowledge needed to navigate the deconversion process strategically, maximising their chances of success.

6. Precautions Before the Build

Launching a deconversion project is a significant undertaking, with the allure of crafting a unique, spacious residence from the patchwork of previously separated flats. Yet, beyond the sheer architectural and aesthetic considerations lies a web of regulatory intricacies that mandate careful planning. Ignoring these can lead to costly repercussions, both legally and financially. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the precautions one must consider before embarking on the actual construction phase.

1. Understand the Status of Your Building

Is it Listed? For buildings of historical or architectural significance, obtaining Listed Building Consent is non-negotiable. Altering such a structure without appropriate permissions can lead to severe legal consequences.

Conservation Areas: If your property resides within a conservation area, there might be additional restrictions on development to preserve the character and appearance of the area.

2. Building Regulations Approval

Beyond planning permissions, it’s essential to ensure that your deconversion project aligns with current building regulations. These regulations ensure that any building work is safe, energy-efficient, and accessible.

Why it matters: Even if your project doesn’t necessitate planning permission, building regulations approval is often still required. It covers aspects like fire safety, insulation, ventilation, and structural integrity.

3. Environmental Considerations

If your property is located near a watercourse or in an area of natural significance, there might be additional environmental permits and assessments to consider.

Flood Risk: Is the property in a flood-prone area? If so, assessments and precautions will be necessary to ensure the safety and sustainability of the build.

Ecological Impact: Before commencing work, ascertain if the construction might affect local wildlife or habitats. Mitigation strategies might be necessary to minimise any negative impacts.

4. Opting for Planning Permission

Even if the initial assessment suggests that planning permission isn’t strictly necessary, it might be prudent to opt for it regardless.

Benefits:

Flexibility: This provides a broader canvas and might allow for more extensive alterations than initially anticipated.
Security: It reduces the risk of future legal challenges or disputes with the local council.
Resale Value: Having all necessary permissions in place can enhance the property’s market appeal and value.

5. Engage with Neighbours and the Community

Although not strictly a legal requirement, it’s a considerate gesture to inform neighbours of impending construction. This can mitigate potential disputes or concerns and foster a sense of community understanding.

Feedback Loop: Engaging early can provide valuable insights or feedback, which might shape the trajectory of the project in a more community-friendly direction.

In Conclusion: The thrill of initiating a deconversion project is undeniable, but the foundation of any successful build lies in its meticulous planning. By heeding the above precautions, homeowners can ensure that their dream project doesn’t become mired in legal complications or unforeseen challenges, paving the way for a smoother construction phase and a delightful end result.

7. The Architect’s Perspective: Seeking Professional Guidance

Embarking on the journey of deconversion can feel akin to navigating a labyrinth, with its myriad twists and turns. However, this complexity, while daunting, is not insurmountable, especially with the guiding hand of professional expertise. Architect practices, such as RISE Design Studio, play a pivotal role in transforming what could be a formidable challenge into a manageable and even enjoyable process. Here’s why seeking professional guidance is indispensable:

1. Creative Problem-Solving

Innovative Solutions: A good architect doesn’t just follow guidelines; they think creatively. They can find innovative solutions to design challenges, ensuring your vision is realised without compromising on regulatory compliance.

Maximising Potential: An architect can help you make the most of your space, suggesting alterations that you might not have considered, which can significantly enhance the functionality and aesthetic appeal of your home.

2. Expertise in Local Building Regulations

Local Insights: Architects bring a wealth of knowledge about local building regulations. They can advise on the specifics of what’s permissible in your area, ensuring that your project adheres to all necessary legal standards.

Navigating Complexities: Given the complexity of building regulations, having a professional who can interpret these rules and how they apply to your specific project is invaluable.

3. Tailored Advice

Individual Circumstances: Every deconversion project is unique. A professional architect can provide advice that is specifically tailored to your individual circumstances and needs.

Personal Touch: Beyond the technical aspects, architects can align the design with your personal style and preferences, ensuring the end result feels like a true reflection of you.

4. Liaising with Local Authorities

Smooth Process: Architects can act as intermediaries between you and the local authorities. They understand the language and requirements of planning applications and can often expedite the process.

Avoiding Pitfalls: Their experience means they are adept at foreseeing potential objections or issues, allowing for preemptive solutions that avoid delays or rejections.

5. Quality Assurance

Attention to Detail: From the initial sketches to the final touches, architects are focused on quality. Their oversight can ensure that the construction process adheres to the highest standards.

Future-proofing: Good architectural guidance not only meets your current needs but also considers the longevity and adaptability of the space for future requirements.

6. Stress Reduction

Project Management: With an architect overseeing the project, the burden of managing various contractors and ensuring timelines are met is significantly reduced.

Peace of Mind: Knowing that your project is in the hands of professionals can provide immense peace of mind, allowing you to focus on the excitement of seeing your vision come to life.

In Summary: The role of an architectural firm in the process of deconverting flats into a singular, energy-efficient home cannot be overstated. It’s about much more than just blueprints and building codes; it’s about crafting a living space that resonates with its inhabitants, respects its surroundings, and stands the test of time. By leveraging the expertise of professionals like those at RISE Design Studio, homeowners can embark on this transformative journey with confidence, creativity, and clarity.

8. The Green Blueprint: Incorporating Low Energy and Reduced Carbon Design

Deconversion, or the process of converting multiple flats back into a singular residence, offers a golden opportunity to amalgamate the best of the old with the new, specifically in terms of energy efficiency and sustainable living. Being an advocate of sustainable architecture, I firmly believe that incorporating low energy designs into deconversion projects not only preserves the historical integrity of a building but also paves the way for a future-proof home. Here’s a deeper dive into the aspects linked to this sustainable approach in the context of deconversion:

1. Reusing and Recycling Materials

Conserving Heritage: Reusing materials from the original structure can maintain the authentic look and feel of the building while reducing the carbon footprint associated with manufacturing new materials.

Reduced Waste: By prioritising the recycling of old materials during the deconversion process, there’s a direct reduction in construction waste that might otherwise end up in landfills.

2. Thermal Efficiency

Insulation: Older buildings often lack proper insulation. As walls are reconfigured during deconversion, there’s an opportunity to integrate modern insulating materials that significantly improve thermal efficiency.

Windows and Doors: Retrofitting with double or triple-glazed windows and well-sealed doors can prevent heat loss, reducing the energy required for heating.

3. Renewable Energy Integration

Solar Panels: The expansive roofs of these buildings, once flats, provide ample space for solar panels, allowing homeowners to generate their own electricity.

Ground Source Heat Pumps: Deconversion often involves substantial groundwork. This presents a chance to integrate ground source heat pumps, an efficient way to heat homes using the earth’s consistent temperatures.

4. Sustainable Water Management

Rainwater Harvesting: Systems can be incorporated into the design, enabling homeowners to collect, store, and use rainwater, reducing the demand on local water supplies.

Greywater Recycling: Water from sinks, showers, and baths can be treated and reused for non-potable purposes like flushing toilets or irrigation.

5. Improved Ventilation

Natural Ventilation: Older buildings, while majestic, often suffer from poor ventilation. Design modifications during deconversion can introduce natural ventilation pathways, improving air quality and reducing reliance on mechanical systems.

Heat Recovery Systems: Modern ventilation units with heat recovery can extract warmth from outgoing stale air and use it to pre-heat incoming fresh air, ensuring an energy-efficient home.

6. Emphasis on Sustainable Interiors

Eco-friendly Materials: The choice of paints, finishes, and flooring can all be aligned with eco-friendly principles, ensuring that the home’s interiors are as green as its structural elements.

Energy-efficient Appliances: As part of the modernisation during deconversion, there’s the option to choose appliances that adhere to the latest energy efficiency standards.

7. Sustainable Landscaping

Native Plants: Once the deconversion is complete, consider landscaping with native plants, which typically require less water and care than exotic species.

Permeable Surfaces: Opt for permeable paving to reduce rainwater runoff and replenish groundwater.

In Conclusion: The process of deconversion offers a fresh canvas on which to paint a sustainable future. By considering low energy and reduced carbon designs, not only can we preserve the legacy of our architectural past, but we can also ensure that these majestic structures are resilient, efficient, and in harmony with our ever-evolving understanding of sustainable living.

How RISE Design Studio can help you?

Located in London with offices in Maida Vale and Fitzrovia, RISE Design Studio is a RIBA chartered architectural practice. We specialise in crafting innovative design and planning solutions, particularly in the realms of residential extensions, conversions, and brand-new home designs. Our mission is to assist homeowners in shaping spaces they truly love.

Should you wish for our expertise on your deconversion journey, please feel free to reach out.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call at 020 3290 1003

RISE Design Studio Architects company reg no: 08129708 VAT no: GB158316403 © RISE Design Studio. Trading since 2011.

Crafting an Oasis within the Urban Jungle: The Art and Intricacies of Backlands Planning

Posted on June 26, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

Nestled within the confines of our contemporary urban sprawl lies an opportunity, often overlooked – the realm of the backlands plot. As an architect with two decades of experience leading a boutique, design-focused architecture studio, my journey has led me to deeply appreciate the charm and potential of backlands development. Our studio, passionate about pioneering sustainable and low embodied carbon designs, has been navigating the intricacies of backlands planning with a discerning and innovative eye, and I’m eager to share our insights and experiences with you.

Red Arches House - a new build house on a side garden of a house in Kensal Rise, North West London — ^{Red Arches House – a new build house on a side garden of a house in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Decoding the Backlands Puzzle

The backlands plot, a parcel of land situated at the rear or side of an existing property, can be an architectural gem in the making. Frequently a sizeable portion of a sprawling garden, these plots are often secluded from the bustling roads encapsulating them. The charm lies in their potential, large enough to cradle a new dwelling yet intrinsically private due to their positioning.

Historically, the practice of exploiting these plots was pejoratively referred to as ‘garden grabbing’, meeting opposition from local authorities. However, the lens through which we view these plots has transformed significantly in recent years. In our quest to fulfil housing needs in increasingly saturated environments, backlands development has emerged as a sensible and innovative strategy, enabling an escalation in housing density without expanding the urban footprint.

Such plots are a canvas for self-builders eager to create their dream abode on land they already own. However, treading the path of backlands planning isn’t without its hurdles. That said, a comprehensive application that anticipates and addresses pertinent concerns significantly heightens the odds of success.

^{A small house in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Navigating the Labyrinth of Backlands Development

Embarking on a backlands project is akin to setting foot on a thrilling architectural expedition, punctuated by challenges to be surmounted. These hurdles revolve primarily around accessibility and the dynamics with neighbouring properties, though other considerations involving space, privacy, and design are of substantial significance.

A cardinal rule for a backlands plot to be planning-compliant is the availability of direct access to the road. This could be via a boundary fence, a discreet alleyway, or an access road. Ownership of the access pathway considerably simplifies matters when submitting the planning application.

Neighbourly relations can be a double-edged sword in backlands developments. Neighbours might view a new construction within their surroundings as intrusive, leading to potential opposition. However, objections can be mitigated if it can be convincingly demonstrated that the planning policies have been scrupulously followed, and that the development will not significantly impinge on the views or light entitlements of the neighbours.

Space and privacy are intertwined in the considerations that govern the success of backlands development. The proposed home must have sufficient space to breathe, avoiding a congested feel and aligning with the spacing pattern of the surrounding homes. Privacy is an integral part of this equation, with the plot location and proximity to neighbouring properties being critical elements.

Design, the backbone of our architectural vision, holds the key to successfully unlocking backlands plots. The constraints notwithstanding, creating a design that harmoniously balances your aspirations and the stipulations of the planning authorities can be a thrilling architectural challenge. The form and materials of the proposed structure may be dictated by the location, whether it involves adhering to a single-storey restriction to preserve view corridors or incorporating vernacular materials to harmonise with the local aesthetic.

^{Four new mews house in Kenton on a green open space, North West London}

Unlocking Success in Backlands Planning: A Guided Approach

Each planning authority has its own unique regulations and policies, making the expertise of an architect well-versed in backlands planning applications invaluable. Coupled with the insights of a planning consultant, their collective wisdom can pave the way for a successful application. While local area experience is beneficial, the core understanding needed is of backlands plots and their inherent constraints.

Here are some nuggets of wisdom for navigating backlands development:

Engage an experienced designer to guide your journey.
Keep your neighbours informed and involved from the outset to anticipate potential issues and defuse any brewing confrontations.
Undertake a planning pre-application to obtain expert advice and insights on potential challenges.
Strive to create a sustainable, future-proof home. The environmental advantages carry significant weight.
Demonstrate how the development will enhance the utilisation of the land.

Backlands Planning: A Case Study from North West London

One of our recent backlands planning applications and approvals involved an underused side garden situated close to a Conservation Area. Owing to the contentious nature of backlands plot applications, we embarked on a pre-application process to identify potential hurdles from the perspective of the local authority.

The pre-application advice is a fundamental part of the process, particularly for projects involving virgin sites or those seeking to establish key principles for site development before delving deep into the design process. This stage can be time-intensive but yields invaluable feedback from the local planning authority, providing clarity on the project’s viability and the likelihood of their support for your proposal.

This particular site already enjoyed road access, thanks to it being located at the side of a semi-detached plot enclosed by two roads. Additionally, the trees populating the pavement immediately adjacent to the site provided a natural screen, minimising visibility from neighbouring properties and ensuring no adverse impact on their views or light entitlements.

Contemplating a Backlands Adventure?

Are you intrigued by the prospect of transforming a backlands plot into a dream dwelling? Our experienced team at the studio would be delighted to guide you on this rewarding journey.

^{Red Arches House – a new build house on a side garden of a house in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Frequently Asked Questions

What is backlands planning permission?
- Backlands planning permission refers to the process of obtaining approval to build a new home on a piece of land located at the back or side of an existing property, often within a large garden. It involves submitting a well-rounded planning application that addresses various considerations and potential barriers.
Why has backlands development become more acceptable in recent years?
- Backlands development, previously known as “garden grabbing,” is now viewed as a more acceptable way to address housing needs by increasing the density of houses in built-up areas. Local authorities have shifted their stance, considering it a viable option for self-builders to create new homes on land they already own.
What are the main challenges of a backlands project?
- The main challenges of a backlands project are access and neighbours. Other factors to consider include space, privacy, and design. Access to the road is crucial, either through a boundary fence, an alleyway, or an access road. Neighbours often oppose such developments, but objections can be overcome by demonstrating compliance with planning policies and minimal impact on views and rights to light.
How can I ensure my backlands plot is planning friendly?
- To make your backlands plot planning friendly, it should have direct access to the road, either through a boundary fence or an alleyway/access road. If you own the access, it simplifies the planning application process. Additionally, the proposed home should have adequate space around it to avoid a cramped feel and maintain the pattern of surrounding homes.
What role does design play in backlands plots?
- Design is crucial for backlands plots, as a well-thought-out and sensitive scheme can help overcome many of the challenges mentioned earlier. Design considerations may involve adhering to specific constraints, such as maintaining certain views or using materials that blend with the area’s character.
Should I hire professionals for backlands planning applications?
- Yes, it is recommended to hire an architect with experience in backlands planning applications and consider using a planning consultant. Their expertise will ensure you are better prepared for success, considering the unique regulations and policies of each planning authority.
How can I address concerns from neighbours in a backlands project?
- Keeping neighbours informed from the start and addressing their concerns can help avoid potential contests during the planning process. Maintaining open communication and considering their perspectives can help foster understanding and minimise conflicts.
What is a planning pre-application, and why is it important for backlands projects?
- A planning pre-application is a stage in the planning process where you seek advice and insights from the local planning authority before fully developing your design. It helps establish fundamental principles and gather feedback on the viability and support for your project. Pre-applications are particularly important for projects in new spots or areas where there hasn’t been a home before.
How can I demonstrate the benefits of my backlands development?
- To prove that your backlands development will improve the use of the land, you can focus on creating a sustainable and future-proof home. Highlighting the environmental benefits and showcasing how the development aligns with land use objectives can strengthen your case.
Can you provide an example of a successful backlands planning application?
- In a recent backlands planning application in North West London, a new dwelling was proposed on an underused side garden close to a Conservation Area. The site already had access from the road, and the new home was strategically concealed by neighbouring council trees, ensuring minimal impact on neighbours’ views and rights to light. See here for more details.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

Planning permission granted in North West London – Red Arch House

Posted on June 23, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

We are thrilled to announce that our latest planning application for a new home in North West London has been granted permission by the local planning authority. Red Arch House has been a labour of love for our team, and we’re excited to share the details with you.

^{Short video showing Red Arches House – a low energy home in Kensal Rise}

Chapter 1: From Conception to Approval

The journey of this project began several months ago when we embarked on the initial design process. Our aim was to transform an underused side garden of a semi-detached Post War House into a contemporary, energy-efficient home. The site presented numerous challenges, including tree constraints and a previously undeveloped space. However, our experience and expertise in working with difficult conditions allowed us to propose a beautiful and sustainable solution.

To ensure a smooth planning process, we conducted a detailed pre-application consultation before submitting the full planning application. This involved working closely with design and planning officers from the outset to develop a design that would comply with all regulations and requirements. We strongly believe in collaborating with the authorities from the early stages to achieve the best outcome for both our clients and the community.

^{Planning permission granted for Red Arches House in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Chapter 2: Overcoming Design Challenges

One of the key factors in obtaining planning permission was addressing any potential design concerns. We consulted extensively with the Council’s Design Officer, who thoroughly reviewed our proposals. Their evaluation concluded that there were design concerns as the site was visible public view. The Officer commended the project for its sympathetic size, proportioned house design, which seamlessly blended contemporary aesthetics with materials suitable for the dense urban setting.

In our studio, we have a talented team of designers who crafted realistic renders that showcase the true potential of this project. The precast concrete bay windows, reclaimed brick front, rear, and side walls, and the striking red zinc roof create a visually stunning composition. We are genuinely thrilled with the outcome and believe that this design will be a remarkable addition to the architectural fabric of North West London.

^{Visual of the interior of Red Arches House in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Chapter 3: Looking Ahead

With planning permission secured, we are excited to embark on the next phase of this project: the technical design, SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels) panels manufacturing, and construction. Our meticulous attention to detail and commitment to energy efficiency will be integral to the successful execution of this unique 160m2 family home. We anticipate breaking ground later this year and cannot wait to witness the transformation of this previously under-utilised space into a vibrant and sustainable residence, which has been designed to Passivhaus standards.

^{Visual of the Kitchen of Red Arches House in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Frequently Asked Questions

How did you address the tree constraints on the site?
- Our design team worked closely with an arboriculturist and the council’s Tree Officer to assess the impact of the proposed development on the existing trees. We carefully planned the positioning of the new home to ensure minimal disturbance to the trees, thereby preserving the natural environment.
What construction methodology do you employ to achieve energy-efficient and sustainable designs?
- Our studio specialises in employing sustainable construction methods, such as using low carbon concrete, using timber structure in lieu of steel where possible and potentially using modern construction methods like SIPs panels. These panels are prefabricated off-site, minimising waste and ensuring superior insulation for reduced energy consumption in the final structure.
Can you provide more details about the design features that contribute to energy efficiency?
- In addition to the SIPs panels, our design incorporates passive design strategies, such as strategic window placement to maximise natural light and ventilation. We also prioritise the use of energy-efficient appliances, renewable energy systems, and rainwater harvesting to minimise the carbon footprint of the home.
How long does the construction process typically take for a project of this scale?
- While each project is unique, and the duration can vary based on several factors, we estimate that the construction of this 160m2 family home will take approximately 7 to 10 months. We strive to adhere to strict timelines without compromising on quality. By utilising a SIPs approach, as mentioned above, for construction the time to build could be significantly reduced, see here for an article on SIPs.
Do you offer services for obtaining planning permission for self-build projects?
- Absolutely! We understand the complexities of the planning process and offer comprehensive services to guide self-builders through every stage, from initial concept development to the submission of planning applications. Our expertise in working closely with planning authorities ensures a higher probability of success.

^{Perspective section in 3D of the Kitchen of Red Arches House in Kensal Rise, North West London}

Conclusion:

Obtaining planning permission for our new home project in North West London marks a significant milestone for our architecture studio. The approval signifies not only our ability to navigate challenging conditions and deliver sustainable designs but also our commitment to creating exceptional spaces that enrich local communities. We are grateful for the opportunity to embark on the next phase of this project and look forward to updating you on its progress. Stay tuned for more exciting developments.

Learn more about the planning permission process and how we can assist you in achieving your self-build dreams in our comprehensive article here.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

Understanding the New Era of Energy-Efficient Architecture in the UK

Posted on June 17, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

The gravitation towards low energy and low embodied carbon designs has never been more pertinent. The UK, like many countries globally, is undergoing a significant shift in its approach to building energy performance. This article delves deep into understanding these changes, particularly from a landlord’s perspective.

View of the kitchen dining space in our Queen's Park House project in NW London by RISE Design Studio — ^{View of the kitchen dining space in our Queen’s Park House project in NW London by RISE Design Studio}

1. The Cornerstone: Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs)

EPCs, for those unfamiliar, play a pivotal role in the UK’s housing market. As a mandatory provision for rental properties, they offer potential tenants a window into a property’s energy efficiency. In simpler terms, a higher EPC rating can significantly increase the property’s allure to prospective tenants, acting as a beacon for those conscious of both their environmental impact and energy bills.

2. Navigating the New Building Regulations

The winds of change ushered in revamped Building Regulations on June 15th, 2022. Of these, landlords and developers must pay heed to:

Part L: Zeroing in on thermal performance.
Part F: Concentrating on ventilation.
Part O: A brand-new addition, highlighting overheating.

While these updated regulations predominantly focus on new constructions, existing properties undergoing major renovations aren’t exempt.

3. SAP’s Evolution: The New Assessment Methodology

The SAP assessment methodology’s technical upgrade is pivotal. Gone are the days when fossil fuel-based heating methods ruled the roost. The contemporary approach places energy-conserving building materials and non-fossil fuel heating methods on a pedestal.

4. The Changing Landscape for Landlords

From my interactions with landlords and fellow architects, it’s evident that these changes carry profound implications:

Transition in Heating Paradigms: Traditional gas boilers, once champions of heating, are now fading into the background, making way for sustainable alternatives.
The Advent of SAP10.2 Software: Elmhurst Energy‘s response to the shifting landscape. This sophisticated software transcends conventional energy cost assessments, capturing the essence of new builds’ energy efficiency.

5. The Legal Tapestry

Developers, brace yourselves! The new regulations are now enshrined in law. From conceptualising to habitation, these metrics are non-negotiable. Non-compliance is not only detrimental to our environment but can lead to legal ramifications.

6. EPC Scores: The Silent Influencers

Having been deeply entrenched in the property world, it’s clear that EPC scores are gaining traction. With mounting concerns over energy consumption, these scores heavily influence rental or purchase decisions, serving as the unsung heroes (or villains) of a property’s desirability.

7. The Economic Lens: Impact on Property Valuations

Anticipating market trends suggests a potential uptick in rent or sale prices for properties boasting EPC ratings of band C or higher. As the market plays catch-up, landlords must discern the long-term financial benefits of aligning with these regulations.

8. The Looming Shadow of Rising Energy Costs

The projections are stark. With the Ofgem fuel price cap speculated to soar above £3,000 by this year’s end and likely staying above £2,600 till late 2023, the clamour for energy-efficient homes will grow louder.

9. Tackling Fuel Poverty Head-On

Fuel poverty is an impending crisis, with countless UK households teetering on its brink. As architects and landlords, our responsibility extends beyond bricks and mortar. By championing energy-efficient properties, we can play a pivotal role in alleviating this looming challenge.

Conclusion: The Road Ahead for Sustainable Architecture

The architectural realm’s trajectory has never been clearer. With the new Building Regulations and SAP assessment shifts, the paradigm has undeniably changed. Landlords must not only adapt but also champion this change, ensuring their properties not only stand tall in the market but also embody the spirit of sustainability.

From my two-decade vantage point, I believe that marrying contemporary design with energy efficiency is the future – a future that is not only sustainable but also aesthetically breathtaking.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call at 020 3290 1003

The Power of Building Information Modelling (BIM): A Comprehensive Guide for Developers and Homeowners

Posted on June 9, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

Welcome to the future of architecture! At RISE Design Studio, a small contemporary design-led architecture firm focused on low energy and low embodied carbon designs, we have embraced the power of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in our practice. With over 20 years of experience, we have witnessed the transformative impact of BIM on the way buildings are designed, constructed, and managed. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of BIM, its benefits, and practical applications for architects, developers, and homeowners.

Architects reviewing a BIM model on a computer screen — ^{The impact of using BIM on our projects has been transformative}

Section 1: Understanding BIM

1.1 What is BIM?

Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be defined as the “use of a shared digital representation of a built asset to facilitate design, construction, and operation processes to form a reliable basis for decisions” (BS EN ISO 19650). BIM utilises digital parametric modeling to create comprehensive architectural design models and construction workflows. It is the present and future of architecture, revolutionizing the industry.

^{Using BIMx app on smartphones and tablets, giving Clients more control over decisions right the way through a project}

1.2 The BIM Process in Architecture

The BIM process is all about creating a collaborative environment where all stakeholders can access and share a virtual model that contains detailed information about the building. Traditional methods involve numerous separate documents that are often lost or inaccessible. BIM eliminates these inefficiencies by providing a centralised digital model that ensures better visualisation, coordination, and development of designs. It streamlines communication and minimises errors, benefiting the entire project lifecycle.

Section 2: BIM in Architectural Practice

2.1 The Role of BIM in Architectural Services

As early adopters of BIM in the UK, we have experienced firsthand the advantages it offers in architectural services. Regardless of project scale, BIM’s 3D capabilities enable us to effectively communicate design concepts to clients and collaborators. We create digital representations of buildings that contain detailed information, from technical specifications to cost estimates, facilitating the development of construction projects. Our specialisation in using BIM for residential architecture allows us to collaborate with stakeholders, consultants, and authorities in a BIM environment.

2.2 Advantages of BIM for Developers

For property developers, BIM offers significant advantages beyond traditional architectural services. By demanding a higher level of information, developers gain better control over their projects. For example, by commissioning a point cloud laser scan survey, developers can obtain a detailed 3D digital model of the building. Through the BIM process, any changes made to the design are automatically reflected across all dimensions, ensuring consistency and reducing errors. BIM’s compatibility with the construction industry enables efficient coordination and seamless integration of project teams, resulting in cost and time savings.

2.3 Enhancing Design Communication for Homeowners

Homeowners can also benefit greatly from the implementation of BIM. Traditional floor plans and elevations often fail to convey the spatial experience of a design. However, by utilising BIM’s 3D modelling capabilities, architects can provide homeowners with a more immersive understanding of their projects. Tools like BIMx allow homeowners to explore 3D models on their phones or tablets, providing a sense of the space, flow, and atmosphere of their future homes. For those seeking an even more immersive experience, virtual reality models offer the sensation of walking through the building.

^{Everything is drawn in 3D when a project is drawn up in BIM, allowing for much greater understanding of the proposals prior to construction stage}

Section 3: BIM and the Building Lifecycle

3.1 Streamlining Construction and Building Control

The benefits of BIM extend beyond the planning phase, proving invaluable during construction and building control. By ensuring that all stakeholders use the same core information, BIM eliminates inconsistencies and reduces the risk of errors. The coordinated approach ensures that custom-manufactured elements, such as windows or kitchens, fit perfectly into the design, mitigating delays and additional costs. Furthermore, BIM proves indispensable for the post-construction phase, facilitating repairs, alterations, and maintenance by consolidating all relevant information in a single computer file.

3.2 BIM’s Role in Sustainable Design and Performance Monitoring

Sustainability is a key concern in modern architecture, and BIM can play a vital role in achieving environmentally conscious design and monitoring building performance. By integrating BIM with sustainable design strategies, architects can optimise energy efficiency, reduce waste, and minimise embodied carbon. Additionally, BIM enables the accumulation and sharing of data on building performance, allowing owners, architects, and local councils to make informed decisions for ongoing sustainability improvements.

Section 4: The Future of BIM

4.1 The Need for BIM in Planning Applications and Building Control

While BIM has become integral to the design and construction phases, its adoption in planning applications and building control processes is still limited. However, there is a growing consensus among architects and industry experts that BIM should be an essential component of these procedures. Integrating BIM visualisations and assessments into online planning platforms would improve coordination, reduce costs, enhance community involvement, and expedite decision-making. By incorporating building regulations into BIM effectively, architects and engineers can easily ensure compliance, resulting in faster and more efficient processes.

4.2 Overcoming Challenges and Embracing a Digital Future

Despite the potential benefits of integrating BIM into planning and building control, significant hurdles remain. These challenges encompass not only technological considerations but also the need for a cultural shift within planning departments and increased engagement with building performance. While the path towards a fully digitised planning system may be long, architects can lead the way by embracing BIM and leveraging its capabilities to design and construct buildings efficiently and sustainably.

By leveraging BIM's comprehensive digital models, architects can effectively communicate design concepts and collaborate with clients. Developers benefit from improved coordination and reduced errors throughout the construction process — ^{By leveraging BIM’s comprehensive digital models, architects can effectively communicate design concepts and collaborate with clients. Developers benefit from improved coordination and reduced errors throughout the construction process}

Conclusion

In conclusion, BIM has emerged as a transformative force in the field of architecture, offering architects, developers, and homeowners an array of advantages. By leveraging BIM’s comprehensive digital models, architects can effectively communicate design concepts and collaborate with clients. Developers benefit from improved coordination and reduced errors throughout the construction process. Homeowners gain a deeper understanding of their projects, making them active participants in the design process. Furthermore, BIM’s integration into planning applications and building control holds the promise of increased efficiency, sustainability, and transparency in the built environment. As architects with a strong commitment to low energy and low embodied carbon designs, we are proud to be at the forefront of the BIM revolution, utilising its power to create innovative, sustainable, and visually stunning buildings.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1: What is the BIM process in architecture?

A1: The BIM process in architecture involves creating and coordinating information in a structured way using digital modelling. It allows for the sharing of a virtual model containing detailed information about a building among all project stakeholders, facilitating better visualisation, coordination, and development of the design.

With our expertise as BIM architects, we have a proven record of delivering projects using BIM. We can offer you the opportunity to explore a 3D model of your building on your phone or tablet through BIMx. This interactive model allows you to navigate and visualise the spaces from different angles. Additionally, if you desire a truly immersive experience of walking through your building, we can provide you with a virtual reality model. We strongly believe that the more you comprehend the design, the better equipped you’ll be to articulate your preferences, enabling us to fulfil your aspirations more efficiently.

Q2: What are the advantages of using BIM for developers?

A2: BIM offers several advantages for developers, including better control over projects, improved coordination among project teams, reduced errors, and time and cost savings. Through the BIM process, developers can ensure consistency across all dimensions of the design, resulting in efficient construction and streamlined project management.

Q3: How does BIM benefit homeowners?

A3: Homeowners can benefit from BIM by gaining a better understanding of their projects through immersive 3D visualisations. BIM allows homeowners to explore their designs in three dimensions, providing a realistic sense of space, flow, and atmosphere. This enhanced communication between homeowners and architects leads to a more collaborative design process and better outcomes.

Q4: Can BIM be used for sustainable design?

A4: Yes, BIM can play a significant role in sustainable design. By integrating BIM with sustainable design strategies, architects can optimise energy efficiency, reduce waste, and minimise embodied carbon. BIM also enables the collection and sharing of building performance data, allowing for ongoing monitoring and improvement of sustainability goals.

Q5: What is the future of BIM in planning applications and building control?

A5: The future of BIM in planning applications and building control holds great potential for improved efficiency, coordination, and transparency. Although challenges exist, such as technological integration and cultural shifts within planning departments, the benefits of incorporating BIM into these processes are undeniable. As the industry evolves, BIM is expected to become an integral part of the planning and building control systems, revolutionising the way buildings are designed, constructed, and managed.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003

MVHR Heat Recovery Ventilation: What is it and how does it work?

Posted on June 9, 2023 by Sean Ronnie Hill

As an architect with two decades of experience, I have witnessed the evolution of sustainable design principles and their integration into contemporary architecture. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards low energy consumption and low embodied carbon designs. One crucial element in achieving these goals is Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR). In this article, I will delve into the concept of MVHR and explore its significance in creating environmentally conscious buildings. Join me on this journey as we unlock the secrets of MVHR and discover how it can revolutionise the way we think about ventilation.

MVHR, also known as Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) or Comfort Ventilation, is a system that provides fresh, filtered air into a building while retaining most of the energy that has already been used for heating. Its primary purpose is to meet the ventilation needs of energy-efficient buildings. Imagine a mechanism that not only supplies filtered clean air but also ensures optimal energy efficiency by recovering heat that would otherwise be lost. That is precisely what MVHR offers.

Image showing ducting from MVHR unit to all rooms of the house at Herbert Paradise, Kensal Rise, NW London — ^{Image showing ducting from MVHR unit to all rooms of the house at our Herbert Paradise project in Kensal Rise, NW London}

One Simple Principle

At its core, MVHR operates on a simple principle: it extracts air from polluted sources such as kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, and utility rooms, while simultaneously supplying fresh air to the living spaces, such as bedrooms, living rooms, and studies. The extracted air is then passed through a central heat exchanger, where the heat is recovered and transferred to the supply air. This process works both ways: if the air inside the building is colder than the outside air, the coolth is maintained within the structure. The result is a constant supply of fresh, filtered air that ensures high air quality, all while remaining practically imperceptible to the occupants.

Airtightness

Now, you might be wondering about the ideal level of airtightness required for MVHR to be worthwhile. While MVHR can be installed in any building, there is a rule of thumb that justifies its use only when the air permeability of the thermal envelope is at or below 3 air changes per hour, as tested at 50 Pascal. This value is roughly equivalent to 3 m³/m².h @ 50 Pa for average dwellings. Recent research conducted by the Passivhaus Trust suggests that MVHR ventilation could still be employed in less airtight homes, even those with a draughtier air permeability rate of 9 m³/hr/m² @ 50 Pa, as it would still yield lower carbon emissions compared to natural ventilation. However, it’s important to note that in very draughty homes, where the air permeability rate is worse than 9 m³/hr/m² @ 50 Pa, the efficacy and efficiency of an MVHR system may decrease.

^{Airtightness Test at Red Brick House – watch the video to see all that is involved when testing for airtightness}

Temperature Difference

You might wonder why the temperature difference between the interior and exterior of a building is crucial for MVHR to function optimally. The answer lies in the phenomenon of thermal stacking, also known as the chimney effect. When there is a significant temperature difference, the natural buoyancy of warm air causes it to rise, creating a pressure difference that facilitates ventilation through the leakiness of the building envelope. In windy conditions, the wind acts as the driving force for ventilation. By implementing intermittent extraction points, such as in the shower or kitchen, a portion of the leakiness is reversed, enhancing the effectiveness of MVHR.

Addressing Condensation

Addressing condensation is another important aspect to consider when contemplating the installation of MVHR. If a building has poor insulation, thermal bridging, or other sources of damp ingress due to inadequate damp proofing, it might be tempting to seek technological solutions. However, I would strongly advise addressing the root cause of the problem rather than treating the symptoms. While MVHR can help reduce the symptoms of condensation and prevent mildew formation, resolving the underlying issues will yield more sustainable and long-lasting results.

^{Diagram showing the position of the MVHR unit and the ducting routes}

The importance of a well designed MVHR system

The importance of good MVHR design cannot be overstated. Whether you are incorporating MVHR into a new build or a refurbishment project, it should be considered from the early planning stages. The devil is truly in the detail when it comes to MVHR system design. The efficiency and effectiveness of the system rely on meticulous planning, ensuring that ducts are run strategically throughout the building. The layout of rooms can even be influenced by ventilation requirements, demonstrating the integral role MVHR plays in the overall design.

Moreover, the installation of MVHR has implications for heating system design. One notable effect of heat recovery ventilation is the equalisation of temperatures throughout the building. This means that it becomes important to prioritise the heat supply to specific rooms that should be warmer than others. In high-quality buildings, it may even be sufficient to directly supply heat to these select areas, further optimising energy usage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is MVHR?

A: MVHR stands for Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery. It is a system that provides fresh, filtered air to a building while recovering the heat from the outgoing air, thereby improving energy efficiency.

Q: How does MVHR work?

A: MVHR works by extracting air from polluted areas such as kitchens and bathrooms and supplying fresh air to living spaces. The extracted air passes through a heat exchanger, where the heat is recovered and transferred to the incoming air.

Q: What is the ideal airtightness level for MVHR?

A: While MVHR can be installed in any building, its use is typically justified when the air permeability of the thermal envelope is at or below 3 air changes per hour, as tested at 50 Pascal. This ensures optimal performance.

Q: Can MVHR be used in less airtight homes?

A: Recent research suggests that MVHR can still be employed in homes with less airtightness, but the efficacy and efficiency of the system may decrease in very draughty homes.

Q: Does MVHR help with condensation issues?

A: MVHR can help reduce condensation and prevent mildew formation, but it is crucial to address the underlying causes of poor insulation and damp ingress for a more sustainable solution.

Q: When should MVHR be considered in the design process?

A: MVHR should be considered early in the planning stages of a new build or refurbishment project to ensure proper system design and integration into the overall architectural layout.

Q: How does MVHR impact heating system design?

A: MVHR equalises the temperature throughout the building, so it is essential to prioritise heat supply to specific rooms that require higher temperatures. In some cases, it may only be necessary to provide direct heat to these areas.

^{The dual function extract and intake grill at our Ice Cream House project in Hampstead, North London}

In conclusion, MVHR has become a cornerstone of contemporary architecture, enabling the creation of energy-efficient buildings with improved indoor air quality. By recovering heat from the outgoing air and supplying fresh, filtered air to living spaces, MVHR not only enhances comfort but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, it is crucial to consider MVHR from the early planning stages and ensure good system design to maximise its benefits. By incorporating MVHR into our architectural projects, we can pave the way towards a sustainable future where buildings are both eco-friendly and enjoyable to live in.

If you would like to talk through your project with the team, please do get in touch at mail@risedesignstudio.co.uk or give us a call on 020 3290 1003